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The cystocele, also known as a prolapsed bladder, is a medical condition in which a woman's bladder bulges into her vagina. [ 1 ] [ 5 ] Some may have no symptoms. [ 6 ] Others may have trouble starting urination, urinary incontinence , or frequent urination . [ 1 ]
The most distal prolapse is between 1 cm above and 1 cm below the hymen (at least one point is −1, 0, or +1). 3: The most distal prolapse is more than 1 cm below the hymen but no further than 2 cm less than TVL. 4: Represents complete procidentia or vault eversion; the most distal prolapse protrudes to at least (TVL−2) cm.
The degree of organ prolapse is assessed relative to the hiatus. The grading for organ prolapse relative to the hiatus is more strict. Any descent below the hiatus is considered abnormal, and descent greater than 4 cm is considered severe. [6] Ultrasound can also be used to diagnose pelvic floor dysfunction.
However, the association between this type of prolapse and vaginal introital laxity is still unclear due to the lack of related data. [2] POP includes (a) the falling out of vagina, bladder and other genito-pelvic structures, (b) vaginal tissue bulging into and through the introitus, or (c) the prolapse of rectal tissues into the vaginal area. [8]
This examination may show anal fissures, prolapsed hemorrhoids, internal intussusception, rectal prolapse, or other anorectal lesions. Patients with occult rectal prolapse may show heperemia and edema of the anterior (front) rectal wall, colitis cystica profunda or solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (blood, mucus, area of erythema and ulceration).
Anesthesia: General anesthetics during surgery may cause bladder atony by acting as a smooth muscle relaxant. [6] General anesthetics can directly interfere with autonomic regulation of detrusor tone and predispose people to bladder overdistention and subsequent retention. [6] Spinal anesthesia results in a blockade of the micturition reflex. [6]
Vesical tenesmus is a similar condition, experienced as a feeling of incomplete voiding despite the bladder being empty. Tenesmus is a closely related topic to obstructed defecation. The term is from Latin tēnesmus, from Ancient Greek τεινεσμός (teinesmos), from τείνω (teínō) 'to stretch, strain'.
Visceroptosis is a prolapse or a sinking of the abdominal viscera (internal organs) below their natural position. "Ptosis" being the defining term, any or all of the organs may be displaced downward. When only the intestines are involved, the condition is known as enteroptosis.
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