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Bipolar I disorder requires confirmation of only 1 full manic episode for diagnosis, but may be associated with hypomanic and depressive episodes as well. [7] Diagnosis for bipolar II disorder does not include a full manic episode; instead, it requires the occurrence of both a hypomanic episode and a major depressive episode. [7]
Anticonvulsants are also increasingly being used in the treatment of bipolar disorder [2] [3] and borderline personality disorder, [4] since many seem to act as mood stabilizers, and for the treatment of neuropathic pain. [5] Anticonvulsants suppress the excessive rapid firing of neurons during seizures. [6]
Gabapentin, sold under the brand name Neurontin among others, is an anticonvulsant medication primarily used to treat neuropathic pain and also for partial seizures [10] [7] of epilepsy. It is a commonly used medication for the treatment of neuropathic pain caused by diabetic neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, and central pain. [11]
Treatment methods include pharmacological and psychological techniques. Bipolar disorder is a serious and debilitating mental health disorder, which causes patients to experience extreme highs and lows, such as mania and major depression. [1]
Gabapentin, pregabalin, and phenibut all undergo little or no metabolism. [1] [24] [28] Conversely, gabapentin enacarbil, which acts as a prodrug of gabapentin, must undergo enzymatic hydrolysis to become active. [1] [25] This is done via non-specific esterases in the intestines and to a lesser extent in the liver. [1]
A more recent analysis of data from a second US National Comorbidity Survey found that 1% met lifetime prevalence criteria for bipolar I, 1.1% for bipolar II, and 2.4% for subthreshold symptoms. [183] Estimates vary about how many children and young adults have bipolar disorder. [122]
Bipolar disorder – mental disorder with cyclical periods of depression and periods of elevated mood. [1] The elevated mood is significant and is known as mania , a severe elevation that can be accompanied by psychosis in some cases, or hypomania , a milder form of mania.
Gabapentin, approved for treatment of seizures and postherpetic neuralgia in adults, has side effects which are useful in treating bipolar disorder, essential tremor, hot flashes, migraine prophylaxis, neuropathic pain syndromes, phantom limb syndrome, and restless leg syndrome. [15] Hydroxyzine, an antihistamine, is also used as an anxiolytic.