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  2. Cold water pitting of copper tube - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_water_pitting_of...

    Copper water tubes are usually guaranteed by the manufacturer against manufacturing defects for a period of 50 years. The vast majority of copper systems far exceed this time period but a small minority may fail after a comparatively short time. The majority of failures seen are the result of poor installation or operation of the water system.

  3. Erosion corrosion of copper water tubes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosion_corrosion_of...

    Erosion corrosion, also known as impingement damage, is the combined effect of corrosion and erosion caused by rapid flowing turbulent water.It is probably the second most common cause of copper tube failures behind Type 1 pitting which is also known as Cold Water Pitting of Copper Tube.

  4. Copper electroplating - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_electroplating

    Copper plating on aluminium. Copper electroplating is the process of electroplating a layer of copper onto the surface of a metal object. Copper is used both as a standalone coating and as an undercoat onto which other metals are subsequently plated. [1]

  5. Electroplating - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroplating

    The electrolyte in the electrolytic plating cell should contain positive ions (cations) of the metal to be deposited. These cations are reduced at the cathode to the metal in the zero valence state. For example, the electrolyte for copper electroplating can be a solution of copper(II) sulfate, which dissociates into Cu 2+ cations and SO 2− 4 ...

  6. Galvanic corrosion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galvanic_corrosion

    In other cases, such as mixed metals in piping (for example, copper, cast iron and other cast metals), galvanic corrosion will contribute to accelerated corrosion of parts of the system. Corrosion inhibitors such as sodium nitrite or sodium molybdate can be injected into these systems to reduce the galvanic potential. However, the application ...

  7. Copper tubing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_tubing

    Soft (or ductile) copper tubing can be bent easily to travel around obstacles in the path of the tubing. While the work hardening of the drawing process used to size the tubing makes the copper hard or rigid, it is carefully annealed to make it soft again; it is, therefore, more expensive to produce than non-annealed, rigid copper tubing.

  8. Chemical coloring of metals - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_coloring_of_metals

    Black for copper. Solution of sodium polysulfide 2.5%, items must be submerged in the solution after color developing, wash, dry and wax or varnish colored object. [27] Brown for copper. Items are boiled in at least 3-day-old water solution of 12% copper sulfate, after color being developed, the material is washed, dried and waxed or varnished ...

  9. Garfield Groundwater Contamination Superfund site - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garfield_Groundwater...

    The site was formally occupied by E.C Electroplating, an electroplating company that used chromic acid solution in their products. In 1983, a tank at the E.C Electroplating property malfunctioned and spilled chromic acid into the groundwater underneath the property that subsequently spread to the surrounding area.

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