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Vitamin B 12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin involved in metabolism. [2] It is one of eight B vitamins. It is required by animals, which use it as a cofactor in DNA synthesis, and in both fatty acid and amino acid metabolism. [3]
These processes require the formation of the deoxyadenosyl radical through homolytic dissociation of the carbon-cobalt bond. This bond is exceptionally weak, with a bond dissociation energy of 31 kcal/mol, which is further lowered in the chemical environment of an enzyme active site . [ 2 ]
Hydroxocobalamin, also known as vitamin B 12a and hydroxycobalamin, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement. [1] As a supplement it is used to treat vitamin B12 deficiency including pernicious anemia.
Because vitamin B 12 absorption is a multistep process that involves the stomach, pancreas and small intestine, and is mediated by two carriers: Haptocorrin and intrinsic factor, and because Haptocorrin (transcobalamin I) binds to vitamin B 12, and Vitamin B 12 is acid-sensitive, when vitamin B 12 binds to Haptocorrin it can safely pass through ...
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Because they are soluble in water, excess B vitamins are generally readily excreted, although individual absorption, use and metabolism may vary. [7] The elderly and athletes may need to supplement their intake of B 12 and other B vitamins due to problems in absorption and increased needs for energy production.
[4]: 44 Vitamin B 12 is an essential water-soluble vitamin, the deficiency of which creates anemia (macrocytic anemia), decreased bone marrow cell production (anemia, pancytopenia), neurological problems, as well as metabolic issues (methylmalonyl-CoA acidosis). [4]: 50–51 Vitamin B 12 is therefore an important vitamin for the body to absorb.
A federal appeals court ruled that the Justice Department can release a report on Donald Trump’s efforts to overturn his 2020 election loss, but kept in place a judge's order requiring a three ...