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Cross tuning or cross-tuning (aka scordatura) is an alternative tuning used for the open strings of a string instrument.The term refers to the practice of retuning the strings; it also refers to the various tunings commonly used, or in some contexts it may refer to the AEAE fiddle tuning.
All violin alternate tunings may be adapted for the mandolin Standard instrument of the mandolin family. Mandolinetto: 8 strings 4 courses. G 3 G 3 •D 4 D 4 •A 4 A 4 •E 5 E 5: USA and Canada A guitar-shaped mandolin, or mandolin neck on ukulele body. Mandolin, Octave: 8 strings 4 courses. Standard/common: G 2 G 2 •D 3 D 3 •A 3 A 3 ...
With regard to your comments on the Modes and Tunings section, Ralph Lee Smith (no relation) writes in "Appalachian Dulcimer Traditions" (The Scarecrow Press, 2002) that dulcimers were not typically played with other instruments, so the absolute pitch of the notes was not critical, only the relationship between them.
T-shaped tuning wrench Traditional piano tuning levers Post-Medieval tuning hammer. A tuning wrench (also called a tuning lever or tuning hammer) is a specialized socket wrench used to tune string instruments, such as the piano, harp, and hammer dulcimer, that have strings wrapped around tuning pins.
The hammered dulcimer (also called the hammer dulcimer) is a percussion-stringed instrument which consists of strings typically stretched over a trapezoidal resonant sound board. The hammered dulcimer is set before the musician, who in more traditional styles may sit cross-legged on the floor, or in a more modern style may stand or sit at a ...
Dulcimer players, however, are accustomed to naming their strings from lowest to highest (as would a guitarist or violinist). which means that the strings are usually named reverse order from which they appear on the instrument, i.e., right to left. Thus the tunings cited above would more commonly be given as: C3-G3-G3; C3-G3-C4; and C3-F3-C4.
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There, the word dulcimer, which was familiar from the King James Version of the Bible, was used to refer to a three or four stringed fretted instrument, generally played on the lap by strumming. Variants include: The original Appalachian dulcimer; Various twentieth century derivatives, including Banjo dulcimer, with banjo-like resonating membrane