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The levator ani is a broad, thin muscle group, situated on either side of the pelvis. It is formed from three muscle components: the pubococcygeus, the iliococcygeus, and the puborectalis. It is formed from three muscle components: the pubococcygeus, the iliococcygeus, and the puborectalis.
Levator ani syndrome is a condition characterized by burning pain or tenesmus of the rectal or perineal area, [1] caused by spasm of the levator ani muscle. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] The genesis of the syndrome is unknown; however, inflammation of the arcus tendon is a possible cause of levator ani syndrome.
The fibers of the levator ani pass downward and backward to the middle line of the floor of the pelvis; the most posterior are inserted into the side of the last two segments of the coccyx; those placed more anteriorly unite with the muscle of the opposite side, in the anococcygeal body.
The deep branch of the perineal nerve supplies the muscles of the perineum. [2] These include superficial transverse perineal muscle, bulbospongiosus muscle, ischiocavernosus muscle, the bulb of penis. [1] It also supplies levator ani, and the external anal sphincter. [1]
Female pelvic muscles Male pelvic muscles. The pelvic floor or pelvic diaphragm is an anatomical location in the human body, [1] which has an important role in urinary and anal continence, sexual function and support of the pelvic organs. [2] The pelvic floor includes muscles, both skeletal and smooth, ligaments and fascia.
The external anal sphincter (or sphincter ani externus) is an oval tube of skeletal muscle fibers. [1] Distally, it is adherent to the skin surrounding the margin of the anus. [2] It exhibits a resting state of tonical contraction [1] and also contracts during the bulbospongiosus reflex. [3] [4] [5] [6]
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Proctalgia fugax, a variant of levator ani syndrome, is a severe, episodic pain in the regions of the rectum and anus. [1] It can be caused by cramping of the levator ani muscle, particularly in the pubococcygeal part .