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Nerve block or regional nerve blockade is any deliberate interruption of signals traveling along a nerve, often for the purpose of pain relief. Local anesthetic nerve block (sometimes referred to as simply "nerve block") is a short-term block, usually lasting hours or days, involving the injection of an anesthetic, a corticosteroid, and other agents onto or near a nerve.
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS Type 1 and Type 2), sometimes referred to by the hyponyms Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (RSD) or Reflex Neurovascular Dystrophy (RND), is a rare and severe form of neuroinflammatory and dysautonomic disorder causing chronic pain, neurovascular, and neuropathic symptoms.
"Intercostal nerve block in 4333 patients: indications, technique, and complications". Anesth. Analg. 41: 1–11. doi: 10.1213/00000539-196201000-00001. PMID 14475639. Tucker GT, Moore DC, Bridenbaugh PO, Bridenbaugh LD, Thompson GE (September 1972). "Systemic absorption of mepivacaine in commonly used regional block procedures". Anesthesiology.
Nerve compression syndrome, or compression neuropathy, or nerve entrapment syndrome, is a medical condition caused by chronic, direct pressure on a peripheral nerve. [1] It is known colloquially as a trapped nerve , though this may also refer to nerve root compression (by a herniated disc , for example).
There are many types of regional anesthesia either by injecting into the tissue itself, a vein that feeds the area or around a nerve trunk that supplies sensation to the area. The latter are called nerve blocks and are divided into peripheral or central nerve blocks. The following are the types of regional anesthesia: [2]: 926–31
Nerve decompressions are associated with a significant reduction in pain, in some cases the complete elimination of pain. [64] [58] [59] For patients with diabetic peripehral neuropathy (which affects 30% of diabetes patients [65]) and superimposed nerve compression, this may be treatable with multiple nerve decompressions.
Pain management may involve opioids or a nerve block. [1] [4] If the person's health allows, surgery is generally recommended within two days. [2] [1] Options for surgery may include a total hip replacement or stabilizing the fracture with screws. [2] Treatment to prevent blood clots following surgery is recommended. [1]
A variety of nerve types can be subjected to neurapraxia and therefore symptoms of the injury range in degree and intensity. Common symptoms of neurapraxia are disturbances in sensation, weakness of muscle, vasomotor and sudomotor paralysis in the region of the affected nerve or nerves, and abnormal sensitivity of the nerve at the point of injury. [1]