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Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) or hypovitaminosis A is a lack of vitamin A in blood and tissues. [1] It is common in poorer countries, especially among children and women of reproductive age, but is rarely seen in more developed countries. [1] Vitamin A plays a major role in phototransduction, so this deficiency impairs vision, often presenting ...
Xerophthalmia (from Ancient Greek xērós (ξηρός) meaning "dry" and ophthalmos (οφθαλμός) meaning "eye") is a medical condition in which the eye fails to produce tears. It may be caused by vitamin A deficiency, [1] which is sometimes used to describe that condition, although there may be other causes.
A major cause of Bitot's spots is vitamin A deficiency (VAD). [4] Rarely, pellagra due to deficiency of vitamin B 3 (niacin) may also cause Bitot's spots. [5] They can also be caused by Colestyramine , which is a bile acid sequestrant which can reduce the absorption of fat soluble vitamins (Vitamins A, D, E, K)
UNICEF regards addressing vitamin A deficiency as critical to reducing child mortality, the fourth of the United Nations' Millennium Development Goals. [10] During diagnosis, night blindness and dry eyes are signs of vitamin A deficiency that can be recognized without requiring biochemical tests. Plasma retinol is used to confirm vitamin A status.
Keratomalacia is an eye disorder that results from vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is required to maintain specialized epithelia (such as in the cornea and conjunctiva ). The precise mechanism is still not known, but vitamin A is necessary for the maintenance of the specialized epithelial surfaces of the body.
Vitamin B12 deficiency symptoms . Vitamin B12 deficiency has a few hallmark symptoms, according to doctors: Lack of energy. Mental fatigue. Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. Lack of appetite. Weight loss
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Vitamin A is supplied through the diet, and a deficiency often results from poor dietary intake of Vitamin A-rich foods. [19] Low dietary levels of Vitamin A can be worsened by infections that cause inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, which prevent the body from fully absorbing Vitamin A available within digested food.