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Patterns in nature are visible regularities of form found in the natural world. These patterns recur in different contexts and can sometimes be modelled mathematically . Natural patterns include symmetries , trees , spirals , meanders , waves , foams , tessellations , cracks and stripes. [ 1 ]
The honeycomb is a well-known example of tessellation in nature with its hexagonal cells. [82] In botany, the term "tessellate" describes a checkered pattern, for example on a flower petal, tree bark, or fruit. Flowers including the fritillary, [83] and some species of Colchicum, are characteristically tessellate. [84]
Approximations of this are found in nature Fibonacci spiral: circular arcs connecting the opposite corners of squares in the Fibonacci tiling: approximation of the golden spiral golden spiral = special case of the logarithmic spiral Spiral of Theodorus (also known as Pythagorean spiral)
A circular definition is a type of definition that uses the term(s) being defined as part of the description or assumes that the term(s) being described are already known. There are several kinds of circular definition, and several ways of characterising the term: pragmatic , lexicographic and linguistic .
The second definition includes two kinds of 3-dimensional relatives of spirals: A conical or volute spring (including the spring used to hold and make contact with the negative terminals of AA or AAA batteries in a battery box ), and the vortex that is created when water is draining in a sink is often described as a spiral, or as a conical helix .
The recursive nature of some patterns is obvious in certain examples—a branch from a tree or a frond from a fern is a miniature replica of the whole: not identical, but similar in nature. Similarly, random fractals have been used to describe/create many highly irregular real-world objects, such as coastlines and mountains.
A comprehensive definition could be: "Circular economy is an economic system that targets zero waste and pollution throughout materials lifecycles, from environment extraction to industrial transformation, and final consumers, applying to all involved ecosystems.
A wheeled buffalo figurine—probably a children's toy—from Magna Graecia in archaic Greece [1]. Several organisms are capable of rolling locomotion. However, true wheels and propellers—despite their utility in human vehicles—do not play a significant role in the movement of living things (with the exception of certain flagella, which work like corkscrews).