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  2. Competing harms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competing_harms

    Competing harms, also known as necessity defense or lesser harm, is a legal doctrine in certain U.S. states, particularly in New England.For example, the Maine Criminal Code holds that "Conduct that the person believes to be necessary to avoid imminent physical harm to that person or another is justifiable if the desirability and urgency of avoiding such harm outweigh, according to ordinary ...

  3. Business necessity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_necessity

    A business necessity is a legal term for a legitimate business purpose that justifies an employment decision as effective and needed to optimally achieve the organization's goals and ensure that operations run safely and efficiently. [1]

  4. Necessity and duress - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necessity_and_duress

    Necessity and duress (compulsion) are different defenses in a criminal case. [1] [2] [3] The defense of duress applies when another person threatens imminent harm if defendant did not act to commit the crime. The defense of necessity applies when defendant is forced by natural circumstances to choose between two evils, and the criminal act is ...

  5. Necessity (tort) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necessity_(tort)

    In tort common law, the defense of necessity gives the state or an individual a privilege to take or use the property of another. A defendant typically invokes the defense of necessity only against the intentional torts of trespass to chattels , trespass to land , or conversion .

  6. Law of demand - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_demand

    The elasticity of demand follows the law of demand and its definition. However, there are goods and specific situations that defy the law of demand. Generally, the amount demanded of a good increases with a decrease in price of the good and vice versa. In some cases this may not be true. There are certain goods which do not follow the law of ...

  7. Necessity (criminal law) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necessity_(criminal_law)

    Emergency law/right (nødret, nødrett) is the equivalent of necessity in Denmark and Norway.[1] [2] It is considered related to but separate from self-defence.Common legal examples of necessity includes: breaking windows and other objects in order to escape a fire, commandeering a vehicle to serve as an emergency ambulance, ignoring traffic rules while rushing a dying patient to a hospital ...

  8. Necessity in English criminal law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necessity_in_English...

    In English law, the defence of necessity recognises that there may be situations of such overwhelming urgency that a person must be allowed to respond by breaking the law. There have been very few cases in which the defence of necessity has succeeded, and in general terms there are very few situations where such a defence could even be applicable.

  9. Doctrine of necessity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctrine_of_necessity

    The doctrine of necessity is the basis on which extraordinary actions by administrative authority, which are designed to restore order or uphold fundamental constitutional principles, are considered to be lawful even if such an action contravenes established constitution, laws, norms, or conventions.

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