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Reservation is a system of affirmative action in India that was established during the British rule.Based on provisions in the Indian Constitution, it allows the Union Government and the States and Territories of India to allocate a specific percentage of reserved quotas or seats, in higher education admissions, employment, political bodies, etc., for "socially and economically backward citizens".
The Kerala government grants OBC reservation benefits to Latin Catholics of Kerala, Anglo Indians and Nadar Christians included in South India United Church (SIUC). [59] The Government of Maharashtra grants OBC reservation benefits to East Indian Catholics. [60]
In India, the Other Backward Caste (OBC) status invokes affirmative action which provides reserved quotas in education and government jobs.In Gujarat, 27% of the seats in government and education are reserved for OBC, 7.5% for Scheduled Castes and 15% for Scheduled Tribes for a total of 49.5% of all seats.
Reservation policy in Bihar is a system of affirmative action that provides historically disadvantaged groups representation in education and employment. Reservations in the state rose from 60 percent in 2021 to 75 percent in 2023. [1] In June 2024, Patna High Court struck down the new reservation policy. [2]
Many opposition parties particularly focused on demanding a Caste Census along with the 2022 Census of India. Some members sought an amendment that also removed the 50% limit on reservations that was reiterated in the Maratha Reservation Case. On the same day, the Bill was passed unanimously with 380 votes in favour and 0 against. [12]
In 1971, The Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) government increased reservation for BC from 25% to 31% and the reservation for Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST) from 16% to 18%. Karunanidhi established a separate Ministry for the Welfare of the backward class during the DMK's rule from 1971 to 1976, the first such in the country. [ 10 ]
IITs currently have no reservations in teaching positions. [13] [14] On 5 December 2022, the Supreme Court has directed the Centre to follow the reservation policy for admission in research degree programmes and recruitment of faculty members at IITs as provided under the Central Educational Institutions (Reservation in Teachers' Cadre) Act, 2019.
Under the 104th amendment to the Constitution of India, this reservation is to last until 2030 and is subject to extension with another constitutional amendment. [ 9 ] The population figure of SCs in relation to the total population figure had increased from 14.6% in the 1971 census to 16.2% in the 2001 census.