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Loop diuretics are pharmacological agents that primarily inhibit the Na-K-Cl cotransporter located on the luminal membrane of cells along the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. [4] They are often used for the treatment of hypertension and edema secondary to congestive heart failure , liver cirrhosis , or chronic kidney disease .
Bartter syndrome (BS) is a rare inherited disease characterised by a defect in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, which results in low potassium levels (hypokalemia), [2] increased blood pH , and normal to low blood pressure. There are two types of Bartter syndrome: neonatal and classic.
This illustration demonstrates the normal kidney physiology, including the Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT), Loop of Henle, and Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT). It also includes illustrations showing where some types of diuretics act, and what they do. Renal physiology (Latin renes, "kidneys") is the study of the physiology of the kidney.
Furosemide, sold under the brand name Lasix among others, is a loop diuretic medication used to treat edema due to heart failure, liver scarring, or kidney disease. [4] Furosemide may also be used for the treatment of high blood pressure . [ 4 ]
The antihypertensive actions of some diuretics (thiazides and loop diuretics in particular) are independent of their diuretic effect. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] That is, the reduction in blood pressure is not due to decreased blood volume resulting from increased urine production , but occurs through other mechanisms and at lower doses than that required to ...
Loop and thiazide diuretics carry this side effect. The loop diuretic furosemide is associated with ototoxicity, particularly when doses exceed 240 mg per hour. [21] The related compound ethacrynic acid has a higher association with ototoxicity, and is therefore used only in patients with sulfa allergies. Diuretics are thought to alter the ...
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Loop diuretics is a major class of diuretic drugs indicated for oedema due to heart failure, liver disease and kidney disease. It is also used for treating hypertension. [26] Common examples include furosemide, bumetanide and ethacrynic acid. Loop diuretics act on the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle in the kidney nephrons.