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The words cistron and gene were coined before the advancing state of biology made it clear to many people that the concepts they refer to, at least in some senses of the word gene, are either equivalent or nearly so. The same historical naming practices are responsible for many of the synonyms in the life sciences.
Genetic recombination is catalyzed by many different enzymes. Recombinases are key enzymes that catalyse the strand transfer step during recombination. RecA, the chief recombinase found in Escherichia coli, is responsible for the repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs).
Also called a monophyletic group. A phylogenetic grouping of organisms that consists of a single common ancestor and all of its lineal descendants , and which by definition is monophyletic . The common ancestor may be an individual organism, a population , a species , or any other taxon ; any and all members of a clade may be extant or extinct .
This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms.It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology ...
These complex architectures allow some group I and group II introns to be self-splicing, that is, the intron-containing RNA molecule can rearrange its own covalent structure so as to precisely remove the intron and link the exons together in the correct order. In some cases, particular intron-binding proteins are involved in splicing, acting in ...
Much of the terminology of genetics and biology is unique in its pronunciation. Below each term name is a “Pronunciation” button. Click the button to hear the term spoken. Each term, regardless of its name, is pronounced. Information On Each Speaker: A brief biography and photograph of each speaker accompanies terms listed in the glossary.
A ribosome is a biological machine that utilizes protein dynamics on nanoscales to translate RNA into proteins. Molecular recognition plays an important role in biological systems and is observed in between receptor-ligand, [16] [17] antigen-antibody, DNA-protein, sugar-lectin, RNA-ribosome, etc.
M phase See mitosis. macromolecule Any very large molecule composed of dozens, hundreds, or thousands of covalently bonded atoms, especially one with biological significance. . Many important biomolecules, such as nucleic acids and proteins, are polymers consisting of a repeated series of smaller monomers; others such as lipids and carbohydrates may not be polymeric but are nevertheless large ...