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It denotes a rank within the former Holy Roman Empire (962–1806), which was below that of Emperor, and roughly equal to King, Prince-Archbishop, and Grand prince, but above that of a Grand Duke, Sovereign Prince, and Duke. [1] The territory ruled by an archduke or archduchess was called an archduchy. All remaining archduchies ceased to exist ...
Sovereign Duke, from the Latin Dux, meaning "leader," a military rank in the Late Roman Empire. Variant forms include Doge and Duce; it has also been modified into Archduke (meaning "chief" Duke), Grand Duke (literally "large", or "big" Duke; see above under royal titles), Vice Duke ("deputy" Duke), etc.
Grand duke (feminine: grand duchess) is a European hereditary title, used either by certain monarchs or by members of certain monarchs' families. In status, a grand duke traditionally ranks in order of precedence below an emperor, king, grand prince, archduke, or prince-archbishop, and above a sovereign prince or sovereign duke.
The title of Duke of Lancaster was created by Edward III in 1351 for Henry of Grosmont, but became extinct upon the duke's death in 1361. The following year, Edward III bestowed the title (2nd creation) on his fourth son, John of Gaunt , who was also married to the first duke's daughter.
Archduke Franz Ferdinand with his wife Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, and their three children (from left), Prince Ernst von Hohenberg, Princess Sophie, and Maximilian, Duke of Hohenberg, in 1910. In 1894, Franz Ferdinand met Countess Sophie Chotek, a lady-in-waiting to Archduchess Isabella, wife of Archduke Friedrich, Duke of Teschen. [25]
The term imperial family appropriately describes the family of an emperor or empress, and the term papal family describes the family of a pope, while the terms baronial family, comital family, ducal family, archducal family, grand ducal family, or princely family are more appropriate to describe, respectively, the relatives of a reigning baron ...
^a The title "Archduke of Austria" remained part of the official grand title of the rulers of Austria until 1918. The Archduchy of Austria ( Latin : Archiducatus Austriae ; German : Erzherzogtum Österreich ) was a major principality of the Holy Roman Empire and the nucleus of the Habsburg monarchy .
Archduke Franz Karl of Austria [42] 9. Princess Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily [44] 2. Franz Joseph I of Austria: 10. Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria [45] 5. Princess Sophie of Bavaria [42] 11. Princess Caroline of Baden [45] 1. Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria: 12. Duke Pius August in Bavaria [46] 6. Duke Maximilian Joseph in Bavaria [43] 13.