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When a sector is found to be bad or unstable by the firmware of a disk controller, a modern (post-1990) disk controller remaps the logical sector to a different physical sector. Typically, automatic remapping of sectors only happens when a sector is written to – failed reads remain marked "pending". In the normal operation of a hard drive ...
Modern disk drives will probably not show any defective sectors because they silently remap bad sectors to spare tracks, [5] but running the program with a new drive for several days will test the whole surface, and when reading it afterwards S.M.A.R.T. data will eventually show reallocated sectors.
When using sector slipping for bad sectors, disk access time is not largely affected. The drive will skip over a bad sector using the time it would have used to read it. Spare sectors are located on the disk to aid in having sectors to “slip” other sectors down to, allowing for the preservation of sequential ordering of the data.
Internal hard drive defect management is a system present in hard drives for handling of bad sectors.The systems are generally proprietary and vary from manufacturer to manufacturer, but typically consist of a "P" (for "permanent" or "primary") list of bad sectors detected in the manufacturing stage and a "G" (for "growth") list of bad sectors that crop up after manufacturing. [1]
Read errors on a sector will not remap the sector immediately (since the correct value cannot be read and so the value to remap is not known, and also it might become readable later); instead, the drive firmware remembers that the sector needs to be remapped, and will remap it the next time it has been successfully read. [76]
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Remapping may refer to: Tuning an engine for better performance or fuel efficiency by remapping the Engine control unit; Redefining keys on a keyboard, for example Gateway_AnyKey#Programming; Sector remapping, the automatic replacement of bad sectors by good ones in a hard disk drive
Oil prices bounced around quite a bit in 2024. They rallied more than 20% at one point -- topping $85 per barrel -- before cooling off toward the end of the year. Oil was recently below $70 a ...