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Angle notation can easily describe leading and lagging current: . [1] In this equation, the value of theta is the important factor for leading and lagging current. As mentioned in the introduction above, leading or lagging current represents a time shift between the current and voltage sine curves, which is represented by the angle by which the curve is ahead or behind of where it would be ...
For example, economists have found that in some circumstances there is a lead-lag effect between large-capitalization and small-capitalization stock-portfolio prices. [2] (A loosely related concept is that of lead-lag compensators in control theory, but this is not generally referred to specifically as a "lead-lag effect.") [citation needed]
Lead–lag compensation places both a zero and a pole in the open loop response, with the pole usually being at an open loop gain of less than one. Feed-forward or Miller compensation uses a capacitor to bypass a stage in the amplifier at high frequencies, thereby eliminating the pole that stage creates.
Usually, it is done by conditioning the input or the output to that system. There are three types of compensators: lag, lead and lag-lead compensators. Adjusting a control system in order to improve its performance might lead to unexpected behaviour (e.g., poor stability or even instability by increasing the gain value).
If the total network phase angle has a combination of positive and negative phase as a function of frequency then it is a lead-lag network. Depending upon the nominal operation design parameters of a system under an active feedback control, a lag or lead network can cause instability and poor speed and response times.
The controversial nature of some of Trump's choices, such as nominating vaccine skeptic Robert F. Kennedy Jr. to lead the Department of Health and Human Services, could brook enough opposition ...
In these cases lead–lag compensation is required to be effective. The response of the controller can be described in terms of its responsiveness to an error, the degree to which the system overshoots a setpoint, and the degree of any system oscillation .
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