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The cardinal virtues are four virtues of mind and character in classical philosophy. They are prudence, justice, fortitude, and temperance. They form a virtue theory of ethics. The term cardinal comes from the Latin cardo (hinge); [1] these four virtues are called "cardinal" because all other virtues fall under them and hinge upon them. [2]
The theological virtues are those named by Paul the Apostle in 1 Corinthians 13: "And now faith, hope, and love abide, these three; and the greatest of these is love." [5] The third virtue is also commonly referred to as "charity", as this is how the influential King James Bible translated the Greek word agape.
Cardinal and Theological Virtues a 1511 portrait by Raphael. A virtue (Latin: virtus) is a trait of excellence, including traits that may be moral, social, or intellectual.. The cultivation and refinement of virtue is held to be the "good of humanity" and thus is valued as an end purpose of life or a foundational principle of be
Virtue ethics (also aretaic ethics, [a] [1] from Greek ἀρετή []) is a philosophical approach that treats virtue and character as the primary subjects of ethics, in contrast to other ethical systems that put consequences of voluntary acts, principles or rules of conduct, or obedience to divine authority in the primary role.
Virtus (Classical Latin: [ˈwɪrtuːs̠]) was a specific virtue in ancient Rome that carried connotations of valor, masculinity, excellence, courage, character, and worth, perceived as masculine strengths. It was thus a frequently stated virtue of Roman emperors, and was personified as the deity Virtus.
Arete (Ancient Greek: ἀρετή, romanized: aretḗ) is a concept in ancient Greek thought that, in its most basic sense, refers to "excellence" of any kind [1] —especially a person or thing's "full realization of potential or inherent function." [2] The term may also refer to excellence in "moral virtue." [1]
Several New Testament passages contain lists that have come to be labeled Catalogues of Vices and Virtues by scholars. The catalogue form was extremely popular in 1st century [clarification needed] Hellenism. [citation needed] Plato wrote the earliest catalogue. Such catalogs could easily be adapted for a range of philosophies and ethics.
A Stoic of virtue, by contrast, would amend one's will to suit the world and remain, in the words of Epictetus, "sick and yet happy, in peril and yet happy, dying and yet happy, in exile and happy, in disgrace and happy", [6] thus positing a "completely autonomous" individual will, and at the same time a universe that is "a rigidly ...