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Temasek (also spelt Temasik or Tumasik) is an early recorded name of a settlement on the site of modern Singapore.The name appears in early Malay and Javanese literature, and it is also recorded in Yuan and Ming Chinese documents as Danmaxi (Chinese: 單馬錫; pinyin: Dānmǎxī; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tan-má-sek or Chinese: 淡馬錫; pinyin: Dànmǎxī; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tām-má-sek).
The English name Singapore comes from the Malay name Singapura which is believed to have been derived from Sanskrit meaning "Lion City". [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Singa comes from the Sanskrit word siṃha ( सिंह ), which means "lion", and pūra ( पुर ) means "city" in Sanskrit and is a common suffix in many Indian place names. [ 4 ]
Early Singapore was called "Temasek", possibly a word deriving from "tasik" (Malay for lake or sea) and taken to mean Sea-town in Malay. [11] The Nagarakretagama, a Javanese eulogy written in 1365, listed a settlement on the island called Tumasik as a vassal of the Majapahit. [12]
The name Temasek is also given in Sejarah Melayu (Malay Annals), which contains a tale of the founding of Temasek by a prince of Palembang, Sri Tri Buana (also known as Sang Nila Utama) in the 13th century. [13]: 37 Sri Tri Buana landed on Temasek on a hunting trip, and saw a strange beast said to be a lion. The prince took this as an ...
From Malay agar-agar, first known use was in 1813. [3] Amok (also 'amuck' or 'amock') out of control, especially when armed and dangerous; in a frenzy of violence, or on a killing spree, 'berserk', as in 'to run amok'. Adopted into English via Portuguese amouco, from Malay amok ('rushing in a frenzy'). Earliest known use was in 1665 as a noun ...
The name of the house, Sri Temasek, means "splendour of Temasek" in Malay.The Malay word seri or sri means "charm; quintessence; splendour; glory" [2] or a "cynosure" [3] (something that attracts attention by its brilliancy or beauty; a centre of attraction, interest, or admiration) [4] Temasek, which means "sea town" in Javanese, was the name of an early city on the site of modern Singapore.
In this era, Temasek was a small trading outpost and primarily inhabited by Orang Laut seafarers. Historically, these Orang Laut were very loyal to the Malay kings, patrolling adjacent seas and repelling other petty pirates, directing traders to their Malay overlords' ports and maintaining those ports' dominance in the area. [32]
A group of Malay women seated, Singapore, circa 1900. The seventeenth-century Malay chronicle, the Sejarah Melayu or Malay Annals, tells of the founding of a great trading city on the island of Temasek in 1299 AD by a prince from Palembang. Palembang was then the capital of the diminishing Srivijaya Empire.