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  2. Swap (computer programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swap_(computer_programming)

    In addition, swapping two variables in object-oriented languages such as C++ may involve one call to the class constructor and destructor for the temporary variable, and three calls to the copy constructor. Some classes may allocate memory in the constructor and deallocate it in the destructor, thus creating expensive calls to the system.

  3. Pseudocode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudocode

    An alternative to using mathematical pseudocode (involving set theory notation or matrix operations) for documentation of algorithms is to use a formal mathematical programming language that is a mix of non-ASCII mathematical notation and program control structures. Then the code can be parsed and interpreted by a machine.

  4. Callback (computer programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callback_(computer...

    Functional languages generally support first-class functions, which can be passed as callbacks to other functions, stored as data or returned from functions. Many languages, including Perl, Python, Ruby , Smalltalk , C++ (11+), C# and VB.NET (new versions) and most functional languages, support lambda expressions , unnamed functions with inline ...

  5. Disjoint-set data structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disjoint-set_data_structure

    If a root is represented by a node that points to itself, then adding an element can be described using the following pseudocode: function MakeSet(x) is if x is not already in the forest then x.parent := x x.size := 1 // if nodes store size x.rank := 0 // if nodes store rank end if end function. This operation has linear time complexity.

  6. Lagged Fibonacci generator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagged_Fibonacci_generator

    The maximum period of lagged Fibonacci generators depends on the binary operation .If addition or subtraction is used, the maximum period is (2 k − 1) × 2 M−1.If multiplication is used, the maximum period is (2 k − 1) × 2 M−3, or 1/4 of period of the additive case.

  7. Stack (abstract data type) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack_(abstract_data_type)

    Similarly to a stack of plates, adding or removing is only practical at the top. Simple representation of a stack runtime with push and pop operations. In computer science, a stack is an abstract data type that serves as a collection of elements with two main operations: Push, which adds an element to the collection, and

  8. Karatsuba algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karatsuba_algorithm

    The basic principle of Karatsuba's algorithm is divide-and-conquer, using a formula that allows one to compute the product of two large numbers and using three multiplications of smaller numbers, each with about half as many digits as or , plus some additions and digit shifts.

  9. Quickhull - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quickhull

    Input = a set S of n points Assume that there are at least 2 points in the input set S of points function QuickHull(S) is // Find convex hull from the set S of n points Convex Hull := {} Find left and right most points, say A & B, and add A & B to convex hull Segment AB divides the remaining (n − 2) points into 2 groups S1 and S2 where S1 are points in S that are on the right side of the ...