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Visual processing abnormalities in schizophrenia are commonly found, and contribute to poor social function. [ 1 ] There is evidence that schizophrenia affects perception of contrast and motion , control of eye movements , detection of visual contours, and recognition of faces or facial expressions .
The DSM-V lists visual hallucinations as a primary diagnostic criterion for several psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. [17] [18] Visual hallucinations can occur as a symptom of the above psychotic disorders in 24% to 72% of patients at some point in the course of their illness. [3] [19] [11]
The DSM-5 criteria puts more emphasis on social or occupational dysfunction than the ICD-10. [39] The ICD-10, on the other hand, puts more emphasis on first-rank symptoms. [40] [41] The current proposal for the ICD-11 criteria for schizophrenia recommends adding self-disorder as a symptom. [42]
The DSM-5 criteria puts more emphasis on social or occupational dysfunction than the ICD-10. [7] The ICD-10, on the other hand, puts more emphasis on first-rank symptoms. [2] [8] The current proposal for the ICD-11 criteria for schizophrenia recommends adding self-disorder as a symptom. [9]
The early idea that a person with schizophrenia might present solely with symptoms and indications of deterioration (i.e. presenting with no accessory symptoms [18] [19]) was identified as dementia simplex. [20] ICD-10 specifies the continuation of symptoms for a period of two years in the diagnosis of simple schizophrenia.
Brief psychotic disorder—according to the classifications of mental disorders DSM-IV-TR and DSM-5—is a psychotic condition involving the sudden onset of at least one psychotic symptom (such as disorganized thought/speech, delusions, hallucinations, or grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior) lasting 1 day to 1 month, often accompanied by emotional turmoil.
The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is an international standard diagnostic classification for a wide variety of health conditions. The ICD-10 states that mental disorder is "not an exact term", although is generally used "...to imply the existence of a clinically recognisable set of symptoms or behaviours associated in most cases with distress and with interference with ...
[30] [63] Caffeine may worsen symptoms in those with schizophrenia and cause psychosis at very high doses in people without the condition. [64] [65] Cannabis and other illicit recreational drugs are often associated with psychosis in adolescents and cannabis use before 15 years old may increase the risk of psychosis in adulthood. [28]