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Rational number is any number that can be expressed as the quotient or fraction p/q of two integers, with the denominator q not equal to zero. [9] Since q may be equal to 1, every integer is a rational number. The set of all rational numbers is usually denoted by a boldface Q (or blackboard bold).
The rational numbers, the real numbers, and the complex numbers each form a field with the operations of addition and multiplication. [74] Ring theory is the study of rings, exploring concepts such as subrings, quotient rings, polynomial rings, and ideals as well as theorems such as Hilbert's basis theorem. [75]
[6] [7] [8] Operations on functions include composition and convolution. [9] [10] Operations may not be defined for every possible value of its domain. For example, in the real numbers one cannot divide by zero [11] or take square roots of negative numbers. The values for which an operation is defined form a set called its domain of definition ...
Informally, a field is a set, along with two operations defined on that set: an addition operation written as a + b, and a multiplication operation written as a ⋅ b, both of which behave similarly as they behave for rational numbers and real numbers, including the existence of an additive inverse −a for all elements a, and of a multiplicative inverse b −1 for every nonzero element b.
In mathematics, "rational" is often used as a noun abbreviating "rational number". The adjective rational sometimes means that the coefficients are rational numbers. For example, a rational point is a point with rational coordinates (i.e., a point whose coordinates are rational numbers); a rational matrix is a matrix of rational numbers; a rational polynomial may be a polynomial with rational ...
Rational number arithmetic is the branch of arithmetic that deals with the manipulation of numbers that can be expressed as a ratio of two integers. [93] Most arithmetic operations on rational numbers can be calculated by performing a series of integer arithmetic operations on the numerators and the denominators of the involved numbers.
For division to always yield one number rather than an integer quotient plus a remainder, the natural numbers must be extended to rational numbers or real numbers. In these enlarged number systems, division is the inverse operation to multiplication, that is a = c / b means a × b = c, as long as b is not zero.
Denotes the set of rational numbers (fractions of two integers). It is often denoted also by . Denotes the set of p-adic numbers, where p is a prime number. Denotes the set of real numbers. It is often denoted also by .