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Ultimate strength is an attribute related to a material, rather than just a specific specimen made of the material, and as such it is quoted as the force per unit of cross section area (N/m 2). The ultimate strength is the maximum stress that a material can withstand before it breaks or weakens. [ 12 ]
Analogously, it is easier to move a rubber rug across a surface by propagating a small ripple through it than by dragging the whole rug. At dislocation densities of 10 14 dislocations/m 2 or higher, the strength of the material becomes high once again. Also, the dislocation density cannot be infinitely high, because then the material would lose ...
The ultimate tensile strength of a material is an intensive property; therefore its value does not depend on the size of the test specimen.However, depending on the material, it may be dependent on other factors, such as the preparation of the specimen, the presence or otherwise of surface defects, and the temperature of the test environment and material.
The maximum stress criterion assumes that a material fails when the maximum principal stress in a material element exceeds the uniaxial tensile strength of the material. Alternatively, the material will fail if the minimum principal stress σ 3 {\displaystyle \sigma _{3}} is less than the uniaxial compressive strength of the material.
A material property is an intensive property of a material, i.e., a physical property or chemical property that does not depend on the amount of the material. These quantitative properties may be used as a metric by which the benefits of one material versus another can be compared, thereby aiding in materials selection.
A diamond cuboctahedron showing seven crystallographic planes, imaged with scanning electron microscopy Six classes of conventional engineering materials. Materials science is an interdisciplinary field of researching and discovering materials. Materials engineering is an engineering field of finding uses for materials in other fields and ...
The linear relationship for a material is known as Young's modulus. Above the yield point, some degree of permanent distortion remains after unloading and is termed plastic deformation. The determination of the stress and strain throughout a solid object is given by the field of strength of materials and for a structure by structural analysis.
The null energy condition places a fundamental limit on the specific strength of any material. [40] The specific strength is bounded to be no greater than c 2 ≈ 9 × 10 13 kN⋅m/kg, where c is the speed of light. This limit is achieved by electric and magnetic field lines, QCD flux tubes, and the fundamental strings hypothesized by string ...