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The difference between these two concepts is subtle but important. The landslide causes are the reasons that a landslide occurred in that location and at that time and may be considered to be factors that made the slope vulnerable to failure, that predispose the slope to becoming unstable. The trigger is the single event that finally initiated ...
Deep-seated landslides are those in which the sliding surface is mostly deeply located, for instance well below the maximum rooting depth of trees. They usually involve deep regolith, weathered rock, and/or bedrock and include large slope failures associated with translational, rotational, or complex movements. [39]
Sudden slumps usually occur after earthquakes or heavy continuing rains, and can stabilize within a few hours. Most slumps develop over comparatively longer periods, taking months or years to reach stability. An example of a slow-moving slump is the Swift Creek Landslide, a deep-seated rotational slump located on Sumas Mountain, Washington.
Translational or rotational movement is considered on an assumed or known potential slip surface below the soil or rock mass. [13] In rock slope engineering, methods may be highly significant to simple block failure along distinct discontinuities. [ 10 ]
Translation occurs within the superior cavity of the joint. [15] During translation, the condylar heads slide anterior and inferiorly down the articular eminence, [14] allowing the jaw to open wider. This path of movement is the line produced between 'R' and 'T', where 'T' indicate the maximal jaw opening with full translational movement.
Landslide mitigation refers to several human-made activities on slopes with the goal of lessening the effect of landslides. Landslides can be triggered by many, sometimes concomitant causes.
A rockslide is a type of landslide caused by rock failure in which part of the bedding plane of failure passes through compacted rock and material collapses en masse and not in individual blocks. Note that a rockslide is similar to an avalanche because they are both slides of debris that can bury a piece of land.
Rotational components of strong ground motions refer to variations of the natural slope of the ground surface due to the propagation of seismic waves. [1] Earthquakes induce three translational (two horizontal and one vertical) and three rotational (two rocking and one torsional ) motions on the ground surface.