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Estrogen is associated with edema, including facial and abdominal swelling. Melanin. Estrogen is known to cause darkening of skin, especially in the face and areolae. [38] Pale skinned women will develop browner and yellower skin during pregnancy, as a result of the increase of estrogen, known as the "mask of pregnancy". [39]
Esterified estrogens (EEs), sold under the brand names Estratab and Menest among others, is an estrogen medication which is used hormone therapy for menopausal symptoms and low sex hormone levels in women, to treat breast cancer in both women and men, and to treat prostate cancer in men.
Conjugated estrogens (brand name Premarin), an estrogen product manufactured from the urine of pregnant mares and commonly used in menopausal hormone therapy, is a mixture of natural estrogens including estrone sulfate and equine estrogens such as equilin sulfate and 17β-dihydroequilin sulfate. [1]
Ethinylestradiol is a semi-synthetic estrogen. Specific compounds that have partial agonist activity for steroid receptors , and therefore act in part like natural steroid hormones, are in use in medical conditions that require treatment with steroid in one cell type, but where systemic effects of the particular steroid in the entire organism ...
There are two variants of the estrogen receptor, alpha and beta and many phytoestrogens display somewhat higher affinity for ER-β compared to ER-α. [14] The key structural elements that enable phytoestrogens to bind with high affinity to estrogen receptors and display estradiol-like effects are: [2]
The female body has estrogen receptors almost everywhere, Garrison explains, so, as estrogen levels begin to fluctuate during perimenopause, then drop after menopause, the impacts can be far-reaching.
Aromatase (EC 1.14.14.14), also called estrogen synthetase or estrogen synthase, is an enzyme responsible for a key step in the biosynthesis of estrogens. It is CYP19A1 , a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily, which are monooxygenases that catalyze many reactions involved in steroidogenesis .
Estradiol is a naturally occurring and bioidentical estrogen, or an agonist of the estrogen receptor, the biological target of estrogens like endogenous estradiol. [11] Due to its estrogenic activity, estradiol has antigonadotropic effects and can inhibit fertility and suppress sex hormone production in both women and men.