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Caffeine keeps you awake by blocking adenosine receptors. Each type of adenosine receptor has different functions, although with some overlap. [3] For instance, both A 1 receptors and A 2A play roles in the heart, regulating myocardial oxygen consumption and coronary blood flow, while the A 2A receptor also has broader anti-inflammatory effects throughout the body. [4]
One prevailing theory which aims to explain this sex difference identifies estrogen levels in the body as an important factor relating to caffeine's effect on memory performance [20] As a result, the female menstrual cycle (which influences overall estrogen levels in the body) may play a role in modifying the effect of caffeine on memory.
In the brain, caffeine blocks or impedes the effect of adenosine, a building block of nucleic acid found in all of the cells in the body. Ordinarily, adenosine is a central nervous system ...
When alcohol and caffeine are consumed jointly, the effects of the caffeine are changed, but the alcohol effects remain the same. [157] For example, consuming additional caffeine does not reduce the effect of alcohol. [157] However, the jitteriness and alertness given by caffeine is decreased when additional alcohol is consumed. [157]
caffeine and theophylline inhibit cAMP phosphodiesterase, which degrades cAMP - thus enabling higher levels of cAMP than would otherwise be had. bucladesine (dibutyryl cAMP, db cAMP) - also a phosphodiesterase inhibitor; pertussis toxin, which increases cAMP levels by inhibiting Gi to its GDP (inactive) form. This leads to an increase in ...
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Drinking 1-3 cups of coffee per day does not affect the risk of hypertension compared to drinking little or no coffee. However those who drink 2–4 cups per day may be at a slightly increased risk. [118] Caffeine increases intraocular pressure in those with glaucoma but does not appear to affect normal individuals. [119]
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