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An air mass originating over northern Siberia in winter may be indicated as "cA". [3] The stability of an air mass may be shown using a third letter, either "k" (air mass colder than the surface below it) or "w" (air mass warmer than the surface below it). [3] An example of this might be a polar air mass blowing over the Gulf Stream, denoted as ...
Marine layers often form on the west coasts of continents, where upwelling usually occurs, and where there is a relatively warm air mass moving over a cool body of water. [2] They can also form on the coasts of cool lakes, such as the Great Lakes in the United States. [1]
The Bergeron classification is the most widely accepted form of air mass classification. Air mass classifications are indicated by three letters: [3] [4] Fronts separate air masses of different types or origins, and are located along troughs of lower pressure. [5] The first letter describes its moisture properties, with
The Hadley cell is a closed circulation loop which begins at the equator. There, moist air is warmed by the Earth's surface, decreases in density and rises. A similar air mass rising on the other side of the equator forces those rising air masses to move poleward. The rising air creates a low pressure zone near the equator.
Larger fetches provide the boundary layer with more time to become saturated with water vapor and for heat energy to move from the water to the air. As the air mass reaches the other side of the lake, the engine of rising and cooling water vapor pans itself out in the form of condensation and falls as snow, usually within 40 km (25 mi) of the ...
Maritime Polar form over cold oceans. Air Masses Meet When the sun heats the surface of the earth, the air near the surface is warmed and it begins to rise. Colder air then rushes in to replace the rising warm air. Because water responds to hot and cold temperatures in the exact same way the air does, the movements of warm and cool air may be ...
Strong, vertically shallow high-pressure systems moving from higher latitudes to lower latitudes in the northern hemisphere are associated with continental arctic air masses. [16] Once arctic air moves over an unfrozen ocean, the air mass modifies greatly over the warmer water and takes on the character of a maritime air mass, which reduces the ...
(D) Water vapor is about 0.25% by mass over full atmosphere (E) Water vapor varies significantly locally [ 8 ] The average molecular weight of dry air, which can be used to calculate densities or to convert between mole fraction and mass fraction, is about 28.946 [ 16 ] or 28.96 [ 17 ] [ 18 ] g/mol.