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Han calls for the acknowledgment of the ancient Chinese religion for what it really is, the 'core and soul of popular culture' (俗文化的核心與靈魂). [37] According to Chen Jinguo (陳進國), the ancient Chinese religion is a core element of Chinese 'cultural and religious self-awareness' (文化自覺，信仰自覺). [36]
Analysing Chinese traditional religions is further complicated by discrepancies between the terminologies used in Chinese and Western languages. While in the English current usage "folk religion" means broadly all forms of common cults of gods and ancestors, in Chinese usage and in academia these cults have not had an overarching name.
The Oxford English Dictionary (2nd ed.) defines shen in these terms, "In Chinese philosophy: a god, person of supernatural power, or the spirit of a dead person." Shen can also refer to a living, "'spiritual' or 'spiritlike'" person or people when they accomplish things perceived to be superhuman , such as saving "people through the power of ...
In the early 2000s, the Chinese government became open especially to traditional religions such as Mahayana Buddhism, Taoism and folk religion, emphasising the role of religion in building a "Harmonious Society", [75] a Confucian idea. [76] [77] The government founded the Confucius Institute in 2004 to promote Chinese culture.
Hun and po are types of souls in Chinese philosophy and traditional religion.Within this ancient soul dualism tradition, every living human has both a hun spiritual, ethereal, yang soul which leaves the body after death, and also a po corporeal, substantive, yin soul which remains with the corpse of the deceased.
Ling (simplified Chinese: 灵; traditional Chinese: 靈; pinyin: líng, Vietnamese: linh) is the notion of sacred in Chinese traditional religions. [ 1 ] Overview
Chinese folk religion is sometimes seen as a constituent part of Chinese traditional religion, but more often, the two are regarded as synonymous. With around 454 million adherents, or about 6.6% of the world population, [30] Chinese folk religion is one of the major religious traditions in the world. In the People's Republic of China, more ...
Yellow Emperor stele in the sacrificial hall of the Xuanyuan Temple, in Huangling, Yan'an, Shaanxi.. Xian ling (simplified Chinese: 显灵; traditional Chinese: 顯靈; pinyin: xiǎn líng) is the notion of a numinous, sacred presence of a god or gods in the Chinese traditional religion.