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The Chola Navy was composed of ships used for transporting the land army overseas. [ 1 ] : 251 The Cholas did not have a standing navy in the modern sense. The maritime force of Cholas was formed by using ships used for trade, as they did not have a dedicated ship for naval combat.
Rajaraja Chola I created a powerful standing army and a considerable navy, which achieved even greater success under his son Rajendra Chola I. The prominence given to the army from the conquest of the Pandyas down to the last year of the king's reign is significant and shows the spirit with which the king treated his soldiers.
The battle of Kandalur salai (c. 988 CE), also spelled Kanthaloor salai, was a naval engagement of the Cholas under Rajaraja I (985—1014 CE) against the "salai" at Kandalur in Trivandrum Kerala.
Imperial Coin of Chola King Rajaraja I (985-1014 CE). Uncertain Tamilnadu mint. Legend "Chola, conqueror of the Gangas" in Tamil, seated tiger with two fish. Imperial Seal of Rajaraja I. Before the reign of Rajaraja I, portions of the Chola territory were ruled by hereditary lords and princes who were in a loose alliance with the Chola rulers. [65]
Chola soldiers used weapons such as swords, bows, javelins, spears, and steel shields. [72] Several Chola weapons utilized Wootz steel. [73] The Chola navy was the zenith of ancient India sea power. [66] It played a vital role in the expansion of the empire, including the conquest of the Sri Lanka islands and naval raids on Srivijaya. [74]
In 1025 CE, the Chola Emperor Rajendra I launched naval raids on Srivijaya in maritime Southeast Asia, leading to the fall of the Sailendra Dynasty of Srivijaya. [2]Rajendra's overseas expedition against Srivijaya was a unique event in India's history and its otherwise peaceful relations with the states of Southeast Asia.
Rajadhiraja Chola I (994 CE - 1052 CE) was a Chola emperor, as the successor of his father, Rajendra I.He was the only Chola emperor who was killed while leading his army in war, and although he had a short reign, he helped his father conquer several territories as well as to maintain the Chola authority over most of Sri Lanka, Eastern Chalukya and Kalinga, among others.
The Chola dynasty was at the peak of its influence and power during the 11th century. [39] Rajendra I conquered Odisha and Pala dynasty of Bengal and reached the Ganges river in north India. [40] Rajendra Chola I built a new capital called Gangaikonda Cholapuram to celebrate his victories in northern India. [41]