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These largely replaced non-amplified multimeters except in the least expensive price ranges. Most VTVMs and FET-VMs handle DC voltage, AC voltage, and resistance measurements; modern FET-VMs add current measurements and often other functions as well. A specialized form of the VTVM or FET-VM is the AC voltmeter.
An electrostatic voltmeter uses the attraction force between two charged surfaces to create a deflection of a pointer directly calibrated in volts. Since the attraction force is the same regardless of the polarity of the charged surfaces (as long as the charge is opposite), the electrostatic voltmeter can measure DC voltages of either polarity.
Solenoid voltmeters are useless on low-voltage circuits (for example, 12 volt circuits). The basic range of the voltmeter starts at around 90V (AC or DC). Solenoid voltmeters are not precise. For example, there would be no reliably perceptible difference in the reading between 220 VAC and 240 VAC. They are meant for intermittent operation.
Analog multimeter Digital multimeter. A multimeter (also known as a volt-ohm-milliammeter, volt-ohmmeter or VOM) [1] is a measuring instrument that can measure multiple electrical properties. [2] [3] A typical multimeter can measure voltage, resistance, and current, [4] in which case can be used as a voltmeter, ohmmeter, and ammeter.
Ideally the measuring device should not affect the circuit parameters i.e., the internal impedance of the ammeter should be zero (no voltage drop over the ammeter) and the internal impedance of the voltmeter should be infinite (no current through the voltmeter). However, in actual case, ammeters have a low but non zero impedance and voltmeters ...
The range of any given meter can be extended by passing the conductor through the jaw multiple times. For example a 0–200 A meter can be turned into a 0–20 A meter by winding the conductor 10 times around the jaw's core. Columbia iron vane type clamp-on ammeter, with heads for different ranges
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