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Menelik's campaigns 1879–89 Menelik's campaigns 1889–96 Menelik's campaigns 1897–1904 Menelik is argued to be the founder of modern Ethiopia. [ 16 ] [ 17 ] Before Menelik's colonial conquests, [ 18 ] Ethiopia and the Adal Sultanate had been devastated by numerous wars, the most recent of which was fought in the 16th century. [ 19 ]
Menelik managed to effectively destroy the other competing centers of the country and elevate his own group to a position of dominance and power. In conclusion, though Amhara interests and the national interests converged at certain points. Menelik's policies should be best understood as the Amharanization, rather than the nationalization of ...
Menelik II's conquests, 1879–1889 1889–1896 1897–1904. In 1896, Emperor Menelik II expanded his realm southward and formed the modern borders of Ethiopia, referred to as Menelik II's conquests. The expansion has two motives: the first was to save Ethiopia from European colonialism, and the second to acquire sufficient resources.
A neftenya (Amharic: ነፍጠኛ, lit. 'rifle bearer') was the name given to Emperor Menelik II's warriors, who were primarily of Shewan Amhara origin, that expanded into and colonized large tracts of what is today southern Ethiopia during Menelik II's expansions.
Menelik II. Under the reign of Menelik, beginning in the 1880s, Ethiopia set off from the central province of Shoa, to incorporate 'the lands and people of the South, East and West into an empire'. [70] The people incorporated were the western Oromo (non-Shoan Oromo), Sidama, Gurage, Wolayta and other groups. [71]
Under Menelik's Expansions (1878–1904), Ethiopia became a multiethnic empire with shared states. Menelik formed a more centralized government within a delimited boundary by the 1900s. [9] Amharic became the central language of the Empire until the 20th-century reforms of Haile Selassie. Shewan Amhara's dominance starting from the 19th century ...
1878 – Menelik's Expansions began. 5 July 1882 – the Italian enterprises led by Giuseppe Sapeto took Assab. [38] 3 June 1884 – Hewett Treaty signed between Ethiopia, Egypt and Britain. [39] 1887–1889 – Italo-Ethiopian War began. 2 March 1889 – Menelik II reigned as Emperor of Ethiopia. [40]
The two most important historical figures who signify the introduction of the concepts of national boundary and sovereignty in Ethiopia are Emperor Menelik II and Ras Gobana Dache, who used guns manufactured in Europe to bring a large swath of Biyas (regions/nations) under a centralized rule. [8]