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Atomic beam is special case of particle beam; it is the collimated flux (beam) of neutral atoms. The imaging systems using the slow atomic beams can use the Fresnel zone plate (Fresnel diffraction lens) of a Fresnel diffraction mirror as focusing element. The imaging system with atomic beam could provide the sub-micrometre resolution.
A molecular beam is produced by allowing a gas at higher pressure to expand through a small orifice into a chamber at lower pressure to form a beam of particles (atoms, free radicals, molecules or ions) moving at approximately equal velocities, with very few collisions between the particles.
Like an optical beam, the atomic beam may exhibit diffraction and interference, and can be focused with a Fresnel zone plate [2] or a concave atomic mirror. [ 3 ] For comprehensive overviews of atom optics, see the 1994 review by Adams, Sigel, and Mlynek [ 1 ] or the 2009 review by Cronin, Jörg, and Pritchard. [ 4 ]
Beams carrying OAM have a helical phase structure. Interfering such a beam with a uniform plane wave reveals phase information about the input beam through analysis of the observed spiral fringes. In a Mach–Zender interferometer, a helically phased source beam is made to interfere with a plane-wave reference beam along a collinear path ...
When a beam of high energy ions is used instead of atoms (as in secondary ion mass spectrometry), the method is known as liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry (LSIMS). [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] In FAB and LSIMS, the material to be analyzed is mixed with a non-volatile chemical protection environment, called a matrix , and is bombarded under vacuum ...
Accelerated neutral atoms beams (ANAB) is a recent variation on GCIB. [15] With ANAB, the high velocity clusters are heated and evaporated by collisions with thermal energy gas molecules and the charged cluster remnants are deflected out of the beam leaving an intense focused beam of individual fast neutral monomers/atoms.
The magnetic field induces a spatially varying Zeeman shift, that when coupled with proper molasses beam red-detuning, preferentially pushes the atoms towards the center of the trap. The detuning of the laser in a MOT ensures that the momentum kick on the atoms is only imparted upon the atoms moving away from the center of the trap, effectively ...
The patient is then treated with a beam of low energy neutrons at a relatively low neutron radiation dose. The neutrons, however, trigger energetic and short-range secondary alpha particle and lithium-7 heavy ion radiation that are products of the boron-neutron nuclear reaction , and this ion radiation additionally bombards the tumor ...
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