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An example of how indifference curves are obtained as the level curves of a utility function. A graph of indifference curves for several utility levels of an individual consumer is called an indifference map. Points yielding different utility levels are each associated with distinct indifference curves and these indifference curves on the ...
These functions are commonly used as examples in consumer theory. The functions are ordinal utility functions, which means that their properties are invariant under positive monotone transformation. For example, the Cobb–Douglas function could also be written as: + . Such functions only become interesting when there are two or more ...
The substitution effect will always turn out negative as indifference curves are always downward sloping. However, the same does not apply to income effect as it depends on how consumption of a good changes with income. The income effect on a normal goods is negative, and if the price decreases, consequently purchasing power or income
The indifference curves are L-shaped and their corners are determined by the weights. E.g., for the function min ( x 1 / 2 , x 2 / 3 ) {\displaystyle \min(x_{1}/2,x_{2}/3)} , the corners of the indifferent curves are at ( 2 t , 3 t ) {\displaystyle (2t,3t)} where t ∈ [ 0 , ∞ ) {\displaystyle t\in [0,\infty )} .
An example indifference curve is shown below: Each indifference curve is a set of points, each representing a combination of quantities of two goods or services, all of which combinations the consumer is equally satisfied with. The further a curve is from the origin, the greater is the level of utility.
Whether indifference curves are primitive or derivable from utility functions; and; Whether indifference curves are convex. Assumptions are also made of a more technical nature, e.g. non-reversibility, saturation, etc. The pursuit of rigour is not always conducive to intelligibility. In this article indifference curves will be treated as primitive.
Price-consumption curves are constructed by taking the intersection points between a series of indifference curves and their corresponding budget lines as the price of one of the two goods changes. [1] Price-consumption curves are used to connect concepts of utility, indifference curves, and budget lines to supply-demand models. [1]
A set of convex-shaped indifference curves displays convex preferences: Given a convex indifference curve containing the set of all bundles (of two or more goods) that are all viewed as equally desired, the set of all goods bundles that are viewed as being at least as desired as those on the indifference curve is a convex set.