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The Zone System is a photographic technique for determining optimal film exposure and development, formulated by Ansel Adams and Fred Archer. [1] Adams described the Zone System as "[...] not an invention of mine; it is a codification of the principles of sensitometry, worked out by Fred Archer and myself at the Art Center School in Los Angeles, around 1939–40."
An early application of exposure compensation was the Zone System developed by Ansel Adams and Fred Archer. [3] Although the Zone System has sometimes been regarded as complex, the basic concept is quite simple: render dark objects as dark and light objects as light, according to the photographer's visualization.
Fred Robert Archer (December 3, 1889 – April 27, 1963), was an American photographer who collaborated with Ansel Adams to create the Zone System. He was a portrait photographer, specializing early in his career in portraits of Hollywood movie stars. He was associated with the artistic trend in photography known as pictorialism. He later ...
Adams was born in the Fillmore District of San Francisco, the only child of Charles Hitchcock Adams and Olive Bray.He was named after his uncle, Ansel Easton. His mother's family came from Baltimore, where his maternal grandfather had a successful freight-hauling business but lost his wealth investing in failed mining and real estate ventures in Nevada. [2]
To create Monolith, Ansel Adams used a very specific and innovative technique to manipulate the photograph to project the image he had in his mind's eye.Adams was aware of the photographic technique photogenia, which is the practice of intentionally manipulating lighting, exposure, and printing to communicate meaning. [3]
Ansel Adams elevated dodging and burning to an art form. Many of his famous prints were manipulated in the darkroom with these two techniques. Adams wrote a comprehensive book on producing prints called The Print, which features dodging and burning prominently, in the context of his Zone System. [4]
Ansel Adams: Half Dome, Apple Orchard, Yosemite trees with snow on branches, April 1933 Exhibition poster. Group f /64 or f.64 was a group founded by seven American 20th-century San Francisco Bay Area photographers who shared a common photographic style characterized by sharply focused and carefully framed images seen through a particularly Western (U.S.) viewpoint.
Adams, Ansel. 1981. The Negative. Boston: New York Graphic Society.ISBN 0-8212-1131-5; ANSI PH2.7-1973. American National Standard Photographic Exposure Guide. New York: American National Standards Institute. Superseded by ANSI PH2.7-1986. ANSI PH2.7-1986. American National Standard for Photography — Photographic Exposure Guide. New York ...