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Cofactors can be divided into two major groups: organic cofactors, such as flavin or heme; and inorganic cofactors, such as the metal ions Mg 2+, Cu +, Mn 2+ and iron–sulfur clusters. Organic cofactors are sometimes further divided into coenzymes and prosthetic groups. The term coenzyme refers specifically to enzymes and, as such, to the ...
Cofactors can be both organic and inorganic compounds. Some examples of inorganic cofactors are iron or magnesium, and some examples of organic cofactors include ATP or coenzyme A. Organic cofactors are more specifically known as coenzymes, and many enzymes require the addition of coenzymes to assume normal catalytic function in a metabolic ...
The first evidence for the requirement of flavin as an enzyme cofactor came in 1935. Hugo Theorell and coworkers showed that a bright-yellow-coloured yeast protein , identified previously as essential for cellular respiration , could be separated into apoprotein and a bright-yellow pigment.
An example of an enzyme that contains a cofactor is carbonic anhydrase, which uses a zinc cofactor bound as part of its active site. [61] These tightly bound ions or molecules are usually found in the active site and are involved in catalysis. [1]: 8.1.1 For example, flavin and heme cofactors are often involved in redox reactions. [1]: 17
FAD plays a major role as an enzyme cofactor along with flavin mononucleotide, another molecule originating from riboflavin. [8] Bacteria, fungi and plants can produce riboflavin, but other eukaryotes, such as humans, have lost the ability to make it. [9] Therefore, humans must obtain riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2, from dietary sources. [14]
Coenzymes (1 C, 35 P) Pages in category "Cofactors" The following 32 pages are in this category, out of 32 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. ...
There is no "cytochrome e," but cytochrome f, found in the cytochrome b 6 f complex of plants is a c-type cytochrome. [12] In mitochondria and chloroplasts, these cytochromes are often combined in electron transport and related metabolic pathways: [13]
Acetyl-CoA (acetyl coenzyme A) is a molecule that participates in many biochemical reactions in protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. [2] Its main function is to deliver the acetyl group to the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) to be oxidized for energy production.