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There are a number of threat actors including: cyber criminals, nation-state actors, ideologues, thrill seekers/trolls, insiders, and competitors. [3] These threat actors all have distinct motivations, techniques, targets, and uses of stolen data. [4] See Advanced persistent threats for a list of identified threat actors.
An advanced persistent threat (APT) is a stealthy threat actor, typically a state or state-sponsored group, which gains unauthorized access to a computer network and remains undetected for an extended period. [1] [2] In recent times, the term may also refer to non-state-sponsored groups conducting large-scale targeted intrusions for specific ...
The Equation Group, classified as an advanced persistent threat, is a highly sophisticated threat actor suspected of being tied to the Tailored Access Operations (TAO) unit of the United States National Security Agency (NSA).
The 2007 cyberattacks on Estonia were a series of cyberattacks that began on 27 April 2007 and targeted websites of Estonian organizations, including Estonian parliament, banks, ministries, newspapers, and broadcasters, amid the country's disagreement with Russia about the relocation of the Bronze Soldier of Tallinn, an elaborate Soviet-era grave marker, as well as war graves in Tallinn.
Internationally, both state and non-state actors engage in cybercrimes, including espionage, financial theft, and other cross-border crimes. Cybercrimes crossing international borders and involving the actions of at least one nation-state are sometimes referred to as cyberwarfare.
There is ongoing debate over how cyberwarfare should be defined and no absolute definition is widely agreed upon. [9] [12] While the majority of scholars, militaries, and governments use definitions that refer to state and state-sponsored actors, [9] [13] [14] other definitions may include non-state actors, such as terrorist groups, companies, political or ideological extremist groups ...
Cozy Bear is a Russian advanced persistent threat hacker group believed to be associated with Russian foreign intelligence by United States intelligence agencies and those of allied countries.
Fancy Bear's targets have included Eastern European governments and militaries, the country of Georgia and the Caucasus, Ukraine, [25] security-related organizations such as NATO, as well as US defense contractors Academi (formerly known as Blackwater and Xe Services), Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), [26] Boeing, Lockheed Martin, and Raytheon. [25]