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The Organizational-Activational Hypothesis states that steroid hormones permanently organize the nervous system during early development, which is reflected in adult male or female typical behaviors. [1] In adulthood, the same steroid hormones activate, modulate, and inhibit these behaviors.
The fetal origins hypothesis (differentiated from the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis, which emphasizes environmental conditions both before and immediately after birth) proposes that the period of gestation has significant impacts on the developmental health and wellbeing outcomes for an individual ranging from infancy to adulthood.
For example, certain autoimmune diseases may occur predominantly in one sex, for unknown reasons. 90% of primary biliary cirrhosis cases are women, whereas primary sclerosing cholangitis is more common in men. Gender-based medicine, also called "gender medicine", is the field of medicine that studies the biological and physiological differences ...
List of endocrine diseases; List of eponymous diseases; List of eye diseases and disorders; List of intestinal diseases; List of infectious diseases; List of human disease case fatality rates; List of notifiable diseases - diseases that should be reported to public health services, e.g., hospitals. Lists of plant diseases; List of pollution ...
Babinski–Nageotte syndrome; Baboon syndrome; Baggio–Yoshinari syndrome; Baller–Gerold syndrome; Bamforth–Lazarus syndrome; Bangstad syndrome; Bannayan–Riley–Ruvalcaba syndrome
The timing hypothesis, gap hypothesis, gap theory, or critical window hypothesis for menopausal hormone therapy is a scientific theory that the benefits and risks of menopausal hormone therapy vary depending on the amount of time a woman has been in menopause upon initiation of treatment.
The hypothesis separately proposes that hormonal changes across the cycle cause women, when they are most likely to get pregnant, to be more attracted to traits in potential short-term male sexual partners that indicate high genetic quality, leading to greater reproductive success. [3]
For example, testosterone is lower in fathers as compared to non-fathers, [32] and preliminary evidence suggests that men may be able to discern cues of fertility in women. [33] The support for the challenge hypothesis in non-human animals provides a foundation for which to explore the relationship between testosterone and aggression in humans.