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Galaxies, averaging an estimated 100 million stars, [3] range in size from dwarfs with less than a thousand stars, [4] to the largest galaxies known – supergiants with one hundred trillion stars, each orbiting its galaxy's centre of mass. Most of the mass in a typical galaxy is in the form of dark matter, with only a few per cent of that mass ...
It is also important to consider the morphology of the galaxy when attempting to measure its size – an issue that has been raised by the Russian astrophysicist B.A. Vorontsov-Vel'Yaminov in 1961, which considers separate determination methods in measuring the sizes of spiral and elliptical galaxies. [2]
Size (left) and distance (right) of a few well-known galaxies put to scale. There are an estimated 100 billion galaxies in all of the observable universe. [1] On the order of 100,000 galaxies make up the Local Supercluster, and about 51 galaxies are in the Local Group (see list of nearest galaxies for a complete list).
A size comparison of the six largest galaxies of the Local Group, including the Milky Way. The Milky Way is one of the two largest galaxies in the Local Group (the other being the Andromeda Galaxy), although the size for its galactic disc and how much it defines the isophotal diameter is not well understood. [11]
Below are lists of the largest stars currently known, ordered by radius and separated into categories by galaxy. The unit of measurement used is the radius of the Sun (approximately 695,700 km; 432,300 mi).
It is the most massive galaxy supercluster discovered so far. [19] Big Ring (2024) 1,300,000,000 Made up of galaxy clusters. Quipu (2025) 1,300,000,000 Contains 68 galaxy clusters. [20] (Theoretical limit) 1,200,000,000 Structures larger than this size are incompatible with the cosmological principle according to all estimates. However, whether ...
Visual size comparison of the six largest Local Group galaxies, with details The Triangulum Galaxy (M33) is the third-largest member of the Local Group, with a mass of approximately 5 × 10 10 M ☉ (1 × 10 41 kg), and is the third spiral galaxy. [ 6 ]
Largest Galaxy in the Local Group (The Milky Way is the second largest), with at least 19 satellite galaxies. Barred spiral galaxy. 152,000 ly 87