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Alpha-gal syndrome (AGS), also known as alpha-gal allergy or mammalian meat allergy (MMA), [1] is a type of acquired allergy characterized by a delayed onset of symptoms (3–8 hours) after ingesting mammalian meat. The condition results from past exposure to certain tick bites and was first reported in 2002.
Galactose-α-1,3-galactose, commonly known as alpha gal and the Galili antigen, is a carbohydrate found in most mammalian cell membranes. It is not found in catarrhines , [ 1 ] including humans, who have lost the glycoprotein alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase ( GGTA1 ) gene.
For the first activity, the enzyme adds galactose to N-acetylglucosamine residues that are either monosaccharides or the nonreducing ends of glycoprotein carbohydrate chains. The second activity is restricted to lactating mammary tissues where the enzyme forms a heterodimer with alpha-lactalbumin to catalyze UDP-galactose + D-glucose <=> UDP ...
Soyasapogenol B glucuronide galactosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.272, UDP-galactose:SBMG-galactosyltransferase, UGT73P2, GmSGT2 (gene), UDP-galactose:soyasapogenol B 3-O-glucuronide beta-D-galactosyltransferase) is an enzyme with systematic name UDP-alpha-D-galactose:soyasapogenol B 3-O-glucuronide beta-D-galactosyltransferase. [1]
For infants with DG who showed elevated galactose metabolites at diagnosis, this test can be used to see if the child's ability to process galactose has improved. [citation needed] For example, to test galactose metabolism, a baseline Gal-1P level is measured while the child is on a galactose-restricted diet.
"An alpha-D-galactosyltransferase activity in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Biosynthesis and characterization of a trisaccharide (alpha-D-galactose-(1 goes to 3)-N-acetyllactosamine)" . J.
Galactokinase is an enzyme (phosphotransferase) that facilitates the phosphorylation of α-D-galactose to galactose 1-phosphate at the expense of one molecule of ATP. [1] Galactokinase catalyzes the second step of the Leloir pathway, a metabolic pathway found in most organisms for the catabolism of α-D-galactose to glucose 1-phosphate. [2]
GalT encodes for the protein galactosyltransferase which catalyzes the transfer of a galactose sugar to an acceptor, forming a glycosidic bond. [5] GalK encodes for a kinase that phosphorylates α-D-galactose to galactose 1-phosphate. [6] Lastly, galM catalyzes the conversion of β-D-galactose to α-D-galactose as the first step in galactose ...