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Arrow's theorem is not related to strategic voting, which does not appear in his framework, [3] [1] though the theorem does have important implications for strategic voting (being used as a lemma to prove Gibbard's theorem [15]). The Arrovian framework of social welfare assumes all voter preferences are known and the only issue is in ...
His answer is no; a law only need to be obeyed if it is legitimate in three ways: The Purpose: The law must be for the common good. The Author: It must be in the scope of the authority making the law. The Form: And its burden should be equal and apply to all. Aquinas says that the disobedience should not itself cause harm or lead people into evil.
The preamble to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states "whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law". [34] The drafters of the declaration, however, intended to exclude the right to ...
Independence of irrelevant alternatives (IIA) is an axiom of decision theory which codifies the intuition that a choice between and should not depend on the quality of a third, unrelated outcome . There are several different variations of this axiom, which are generally equivalent under mild conditions.
Since by our (human) nature, we seek to maximize our well being, rights are prior to law, natural or institutional, and people will not follow the laws of nature without first being subjected to a sovereign power, without which all ideas of right and wrong are meaningless – "Therefore before the names of Just and Unjust can have place, there ...
In contrast Seyla Benhabib argues that politics would not exist without the necessity to choose between a greater and a lesser evil. [4] When limited to the two most likely candidates, [5] "lesser evil" is the most likely "greater good", [6] for the "common good", as Pope Francis has said. [7]
This articles also says that in absence of an explicit choice of law, a protected consumer contract is governed by the law of the consumer's habitual residence. In Art. 6 (II) the involved parties are given the possibility of a free choice of law. But the choice of law is legally void, if the consumer protection is limited by this choice. [2]
The choice of the "shortest tree" relative to a not-so-short tree under any optimality criterion (smallest distance, fewest steps, or maximum likelihood) is always based on parsimony. [61] Francis Crick has commented on potential limitations of Occam's razor in biology. He advances the argument that because biological systems are the products ...