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The car "Schluckspecht" completed a successful test drive on Nogaro Circuit, powered by a DEFC stack giving an output voltage of 20 to 45 V (depending on load). [4] Various prototypes of Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell Stack mobile phone chargers have been built [5] featuring voltages from 2V to 7V and powers from 800 mW to 2W [6] were built and tested.
A substance that conducts charged ions from one electrode to the other in a fuel cell, battery, or electrolyzer. [60] Fuel cell stack Individual fuel cells connected in a series. Fuel cells are stacked to increase voltage. [60] Matrix something within or from which something else originates, develops, or takes form. [62] Membrane
English: Department of Energy's Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Fuel Cell Technologies Program Fuel cell comparison chart. This shows a summary of the different types of fuel cells. Materials on the EERE Web site are in the public domain.
Block diagram of a fuel cell. Source I (Paulsmith99 ) created this work entirely by myself, based on the original png version. Date 17:35, 25 June 2010 (UTC) Author Paulsmith99 Permission (Reusing this file) See below. Other versions Fuel Cell Block Diagram.png
Platinum is one of the most commonly used catalysts, however other platinum group metals are also used. Ruthenium and platinum are often used together, if carbon monoxide (CO) is a product of the electro-chemical reaction as CO poisons the PEM and impacts the efficiency of the fuel cell. Due to the high cost of these and other similar materials ...
Direct methanol fuel cells or DMFCs are a subcategory of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells in which methanol is used as the fuel and a special proton-conducting polymer as the membrane (PEM). Their main advantage is low temperature operation and the ease of transport of methanol, an energy-dense yet reasonably stable liquid at all ...
If the fuel is a light hydrocarbon, for example, methane, another function of the anode is to act as a catalyst for steam reforming the fuel into hydrogen. This provides another operational benefit to the fuel cell stack because the reforming reaction is endothermic, which cools the stack internally.
Diagram of a phosphoric acid fuel cell. Phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFC) are a type of fuel cell that uses liquid phosphoric acid as an electrolyte. They were the first fuel cells to be commercialized. Developed in the mid-1960s and field-tested since the 1970s, they have improved significantly in stability, performance, and cost.