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Many flowers appear to be homogamous but some of these may not be strictly functionally homogamous, because for various reasons male and female reproduction do not completely overlap. [2] In the daisy family, the flower heads are made up of many small flowers called florets, and are either homogamous or heterogamous.
Close-up of a Schlumbergera flower, showing part of the gynoecium (specifically the stigma and part of the style) and the stamens that surround it. Plant reproductive morphology is the study of the physical form and structure (the morphology) of those parts of plants directly or indirectly concerned with sexual reproduction.
Heads with florets of one sex, when the flowers are pistillate or functionally staminate or made up of all bisexual florets, are called homogamous and can include discoid and liguliflorous type heads. Some radiate heads may be homogamous too.
Garden snails mating. A hermaphrodite (/ h ər ˈ m æ f r ə ˌ d aɪ t /) is a sexually reproducing organism that produces both male and female gametes. [1] Animal species in which individuals are either male or female are gonochoric, which is the opposite of hermaphroditic.
Some examples of non-trophic interactions are habitat modification, mutualism and competition for space. It has been suggested recently that non-trophic interactions can indirectly affect food web topology and trophic dynamics by affecting the species in the network and the strength of trophic links.
A mating system is a way in which a group is structured in relation to sexual behaviour. The precise meaning depends upon the context. With respect to animals, the term describes which males and females mate under which circumstances.
Pair-bonding is a term coined in the 1940s [1] that is frequently used in sociobiology and evolutionary biology circles. The term often implies either a lifelong socially monogamous relationship or a stage of mating interaction in socially monogamous species. It is sometimes used in reference to human relationships.
An example of species that exhibit male-male aggression under polygynous system is Allobates femoralis. Physical aggression can be induced by territorial defense and competition in courtship. [ 13 ] Especially, during the courtship march, a competing male can intercept the female while the male who originally courted the female searches for an ...