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After the defeat of Gallus' army at Bet Horon in the year 66, Emperor Nero appointed general Vespasian, instead of Gallus to crush the Judean rebellion. Vespasian, along with legions X Fretensis and V Macedonica, landed at Ptolemais in April 67.
Vespasian was the first emperor from an equestrian family who rose only later in his lifetime into the senatorial rank as the first of his family to do so. Vespasian's renown came from his military success; [6] he was legate of Legio II Augusta during the Roman invasion of Britain in 43 and subjugated Judaea during the Jewish rebellion of 66. [7]
The Senate acknowledged Vespasian as emperor the following day, 21 December 69. Vespasian faced no direct threat to his imperial power after the death of Vitellius. He became the founder of the stable Flavian dynasty, which succeeded the Julio-Claudians. He died of natural causes in 79. The Flavians, each in turn, ruled from AD 69 to AD 96.
When Otho was defeated by Vitellius at the First Battle of Bedriacum, however, the armies in Judaea and Egypt took matters into their own hands and declared Vespasian emperor on 1 July 69. [24] Vespasian accepted, and entered an alliance with Gaius Licinius Mucianus, the governor of Syria, against Vitellius. [24]
After Gallus' defeat, Emperor Nero assigned the command of the war to Vespasian, a former consul and a seasoned and experienced commander. [ 191 ] [ 192 ] According to Suetonius, the 57-year-old general was chosen "both for his proven energy and because his family and name were not feared due to their obscurity."
Vespasian pitched his own camp north of the town, facing its only accessible side, while his forces surrounded the city. [5] An assault against the wall on the second day of the siege failed, and after several days in which the defenders made a number of successful sorties against his forces, Vespasian decided to prosecute the siege with vigour ...
Before the eastern legions could reach Rome, the Danubian legions of the provinces of Raetia and Moesia also acclaimed Vespasian as emperor in August. Three of these legions, III Gallica, VIII Augusta, and VII Claudia had been on their way to support Otho when they heard of his defeat at the first battle of Bedriacum. They had been made to ...
After Gallus' defeat, Nero appointed the experienced commander Vespasian to lead the Roman response. [73] [74] He assembled a massive force including three legions and numerous auxiliary troops. [73] Arriving in Akko-Ptolemais in the summer of 67 CE, [75] Vespasian launched a systematic campaign in the Galilee.