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[49] [3] Naloxone is safe and side effects are rare, generally limited to allergic reactions. [50] It should be given if there is any suspicion of an opioid overdose. Naloxone is available to the public in the United States in two routes of administration: intranasal and intramuscular / subcutaneous .
Naloxone is a racemic mixture of two enantiomers, (–)-naloxone (levonaloxone) and (+)-naloxone (dextronaloxone), only the former of which is active at opioid receptors. [ 81 ] [ 82 ] The drug is highly lipophilic , allowing it to rapidly penetrate the brain and to achieve a far greater brain to serum ratio than that of morphine. [ 77 ]
An opioid-dependent person should not receive naltrexone before detoxification. [8] It is taken orally or by injection into a muscle. [8] Effects begin within 30 minutes, [8] though a decreased desire for opioids may take a few weeks to occur. [8] Side effects may include trouble sleeping, anxiety, nausea, and headaches. [8]
Narcan, also known as Naloxone, is a nasal spray that can combat the life-threatening effects of an opioid overdose. It's needle-free and requires no medical training to use, which makes it ...
In an effort to reduce the rising number of opioid overdoses in the U.S., including from fentanyl, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in March approved the first over-the-counter Narcan nasal ...
The U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, which now cover prescription naloxone for people on the government insurance programs, says that coverage of over-the-counter naloxone would ...
Long-term opioid use occurs in about 4% of people following their use for trauma or surgery-related pain. [20] In the United States, most heroin users begin by using prescription opioids that may also be bought illegally. [21] [22] People with opioid use disorder are often treated with opioid replacement therapy using methadone or buprenorphine ...
When people continue to use opioid medications beyond what a doctor prescribes, whether to minimize pain or induce euphoric feelings, it can mark the beginning stages of an opioid addiction. [20] Also, in 2018, after being prescribed an opioid medication, about 10.3 million people ended up misusing it, and 47,600 people died from an overdose. [11]