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A solution with 1 g of solute dissolved in a final volume of 100 mL of solution would be labeled as "1%" or "1% m/v" (mass/volume). This is incorrect because the unit "%" can only be used for dimensionless quantities.
An oxygen sensor (or lambda sensor, where lambda refers to air–fuel equivalence ratio, usually denoted by λ) or probe or sond, is an electronic device that measures the proportion of oxygen (O 2) in the gas or liquid being analyzed. [1] It was developed by Robert Bosch GmbH during the late 1960s under the supervision of Günter Bauman. [1]
Robert Bosch GmbH (/ b ɒ ʃ /; German: ⓘ), commonly known as Bosch (styled BOSCH), is a German multinational engineering and technology company headquartered in Gerlingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The company was founded by Robert Bosch in Stuttgart in 1886. [2] Bosch is 94% owned by the Robert Bosch Stiftung, a charitable institution. [3]
50 50g starter control 50a 50h starter control 50 Battery 15 battery+ through ignition switch 16, 54/15 30 from battery+ direct 30/51 30a from 2nd battery and 12/24 V relay: 31 return to battery- or direct to ground 31a return to battery- 12/24 V relay 31b return to battery- or ground through switch 85d 31c return to battery- 12/24 V relay 31, 31a
The Motronic 1.1 and 1.3 systems are largely similar, the main improvement being the increased diagnostic capabilities of Motronic 1.3. The 1.3 ECM can store many more detailed fault codes than 1.1, and has a permanent 12-volt feed from the vehicle's battery which allows it to log intermittent faults in memory across several trips.
In the late 1890s, English engineer Frederick Richard Simms collaborated with the German engineer Robert Bosch, and his staff of Arnold Zähringer, Young Rall, and Gottlob Honold, in developing the first practical high-tension magneto. In 1900, the Bosch magneto ignition was used in the Gottlieb Daimler engines on the Zeppelin. [6] [7]
[1] [2] This effect is an intrinsic charge-to-spin conversion mechanism [1] and it was predicted in 1990 by the scientist V.M. Edelstein. [3] It has been demonstrated in 2013 [4] and confirmed by several experimental evidences in the following years. [2] [5] [6] [7] Its origin can be ascribed to the presence of spin-polarized surface or ...
DRIE of glass requires high plasma power, which makes it difficult to find suitable mask materials for truly deep etching. Polysilicon and nickel are used for 10–50 μm etched depths. In DRIE of polymers, Bosch process with alternating steps of SF 6 etching and C 4 F 8 passivation take place. Metal masks can be used, however they are ...