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[39] [40] [41] Historians usually refer to the new Caesar as "Octavian" during the time between his adoption and his assumption of the name Augustus in 27 BC in order to avoid confusing the dead dictator with his heir. [42] Octavian could not rely on his limited funds to make a successful entry into the upper echelons of the Roman political ...
Octavian followed his friend's advice. [42] The facade of the Pantheon with the inscription of Agrippa. On 2 September 31 BC, the Battle of Actium was fought. Octavian's victory, which gave him the mastery of Rome and the empire, was mainly due to Agrippa. [43] Octavian then bestowed upon him the hand of his niece Claudia Marcella Major in 28 BC.
Marcellus was born into the Claudii Marcelli, a plebeian branch of the gens Claudia in 42 BC, the son of Gaius Claudius Marcellus and Octavia the Younger. [2] He had two full sisters named Claudia Marcella the Elder and Claudia Marcella the Younger [3] as well as two younger maternal half-sisters named Antonia the Elder and Antonia the Younger.
It was then made public that Caesar had adopted Octavius as his son and main heir. In response, Octavius changed his name to Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus. Though modern scholars to avoid confusion commonly refer to him at this point as Octavian, he called himself "Caesar", which is the name his contemporaries also used.
His father was one of Augustus' leading generals, and his mother, Julia the Elder, was the daughter of Augustus and his second wife, Scribonia. [8] Postumus was the third son and last child of Agrippa and Julia; his older siblings were Gaius Caesar, Julia the Younger, Lucius Caesar and Agrippina the Elder. Both of his brothers, Gaius and Lucius ...
His declaration of the end of the Civil Wars that had started under Julius Caesar marked the historic beginning of the Roman Empire, and the Pax Romana. Octavian at this point was given the title Augustus ("the venerable") by the Roman Senate. After describing the military campaigns of Augustus, Suetonius describes his personal life.
There is a small group of spectacular imperial engraved gems, cameos carved in contrasting colours of stone.These are sometimes called "State Cameos", [11] that presumably originated, and were probably only seen, in the inner court circle of Augustus, as they show him with divine attributes that were still politically sensitive, and in some cases have sexual aspects that would not have been ...
Following the defeat of the republican generals Cassius and Brutus in successive battles at Philippi in 42 BC and the subsequent division of control between Mark Antony and Caesar's nephew and heir Octavian, a colony was again formed from retired veterans at Beneventum in 41 BC, and the remainder of Legio VI Ferrata was taken by Mark Antony to ...
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