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Usually, different classes of assets have different risk weights associated with them. The calculation of risk weights is dependent on whether the bank has adopted the standardized or IRB approach under the Basel II framework. [3] Some assets, such as debentures, are assigned a higher risk than others, such as cash or government securities/bonds.
Advanced measurement approach (AMA) is one of three possible operational risk methods that can be used under Basel II by a bank or other financial institution.The other two are the Basic Indicator Approach and the Standardised Approach.
Exposure at default or (EAD) is a parameter used in the calculation of economic capital or regulatory capital under Basel II for a banking institution. It can be defined as the gross exposure under a facility upon default of an obligor.
The term Advanced IRB or A-IRB is an abbreviation of advanced internal ratings-based approach, and it refers to a set of credit risk measurement techniques proposed under Basel II capital adequacy rules for banking institutions.
A series of proposals to enhance the Basel II framework was announced by the Basel Committee in January 2009. The proposals included: revisions to the Basel II market risk framework; the guidelines for computing capital for incremental risk in the trading book; and proposed enhancements to the Basel II framework. [8]
To calculate capital requirements for all banking exposures, there are three main elements Risk parameters - Probability of default (PD), Exposure at default (EAD), Loss Given Default (LGD), Maturity (M) Risk-weight functions - Functions provided as part of the Basel II regulatory framework, which maps the risk parameters above to risk-weighted ...
Under Basel II, it is a key parameter used in the calculation of economic capital or regulatory capital for a banking institution. PD is closely linked to the expected loss , which is defined as the product of the PD, the loss given default (LGD) and the exposure at default (EAD).
Loss given default or LGD is the share of an asset that is lost if a borrower defaults.. It is a common parameter in risk models and also a parameter used in the calculation of economic capital, expected loss or regulatory capital under Basel II for a banking institution.