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The field of critical autism studies was created for the purpose of creating a better life for autistic individuals [4] [3] through the challenging of the medical model of disability, ableism against autistic individuals, and harmful stereotypes about autism. [4] Many CAS scholars are from fields in the social sciences and humanities. [4]
Pivotal response treatment is a naturalistic intervention model derived from the principles of applied behavior analysis.Rather than target individual behaviors one at a time, PRT targets pivotal areas of a child's development such as motivation, [3] responsiveness to multiple cues, [4] self-management, and social initiations. [5]
Finally, the book ends with an expanded emphasis on Grandin's life and the strengths those with autism have, including attention to detail, pattern identification, and more that benefits them in mainstream society. [9] [10] Grandin suggests as a closing that children should be defined by their strengths rather than by their deficits. [11]
The prevailing theory in the 1950s was that autism was the reaction of children to mothers who were "cold and distant". Rimland's personal experience contradicted this idea of " refrigerator mothers " and he began searching for alternative explanations.
The model was founded in Piaget's theory of cognitive development [2] and came to be described by Rogers and Dawson as the Denver Model. [ 3 ] In 2010, the two researchers published Early Start Denver Model for Young Children with Autism: Promoting Language, Learning, and Engagement , [ 4 ] in which the ESDM is manualized and described in detail.
The most current model illustrating MECP2 is known as the transcriptional activator model. Another potential molecular convergence involves the early growth response gene-2 (EGR2). [ 60 ] EGR2 is the only gene in the EGR family that is restricted to the central nervous system and is involved in cerebral development and synaptic plasticity . [ 60 ]
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The theory of mind hypothesis is supported by the atypical responses of children with autism to the Sally–Anne test for reasoning about others' motivations, [67] and the mirror neuron system theory of autism described in Pathophysiology maps well to the hypothesis. [43]