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Enforcement of Ohio's Black Laws appear to have been generally episodic and arbitrary, lightly enforced on the whole, but occasionally used to threaten and intimidate black residents of the state. In 1818 Wayne Township, where Portsmouth was located at the time, the township's constable was paid $4.18 to warn out blacks and mulattos.
The Black Codes, sometimes called the Black Laws, were laws which governed the conduct of African Americans (both free and freedmen).In 1832, James Kent wrote that "in most of the United States, there is a distinction in respect to political privileges, between free white persons and free colored persons of African blood; and in no part of the country do the latter, in point of fact ...
This is a list of examples of Jim Crow laws, which were state, territorial, and local laws in the United States enacted between 1877 and 1965. Jim Crow laws existed throughout the United States and originated from the Black Codes that were passed from 1865 to 1866 and from before the American Civil War.
Slave Codes (1685–1865) - Series of laws limiting legal rights of slaves. Included establishment of slave patrols, limitations on freedom of movement, anti-literacy regulation, restrictions on commerce, and punishments for other infractions. South Carolina slave codes (1685) - modeled on slave codes in Barbados and Jamaica. Virginia Slave ...
Blacks in southern Ohio suffered from severe restrictions to their freedom due to the Black Codes passed by the state legislature in 1804 and 1807. Under this legislation, the testimony of any black person was invalid in a court of law. A black person could not defend himself against a charge, and could not bring action against a white man.
Although freedmen had been emancipated, their lives were greatly restricted by the black codes. The term "Black Codes" was given by "negro leaders and the Republican organs", according to historian John S. Reynolds. [11] [12] [13] The defining feature of the Black Codes was broad vagrancy law, which allowed local authorities to arrest freed ...
In June 1829 overseers of the poor announced that blacks would be required to post surety bonds of $500 (equivalent to $14,306 in 2023) within 30 days or face expulsion from the city and state. This was in accord with a 1807 Black Law passed by the Ohio legislature intended to discourage black settlement in the state.
While teaching blacks in the North was not illegal, many Northern states, counties, and cities barred black students from public schools. [16] Until 1869, only whites could attend public schools in Indiana and Illinois. [16] Ohio excluded black children from public schools until 1849, when it allowed separate schools for black students. [16]