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Hyperplasia is considered to be a physiological (normal) response to a specific stimulus, and the cells of a hyperplastic growth remain subject to normal regulatory control mechanisms. [5] However, hyperplasia can also occur as a pathological response, if an excess of hormone or growth factor is responsible for the stimuli.
A prominent example of metaplasia involves the changes associated with the respiratory tract in response to inhalation of irritants, such as smog or smoke. The bronchial cells convert from mucus-secreting, ciliated, columnar epithelium to non-ciliated, squamous epithelium incapable of secreting mucus. These transformed cells may become ...
Follicular hyperplasia (FH) is a type of lymphoid hyperplasia and is classified as a lymphadenopathy, which means a disease of the lymph nodes.It is caused by a stimulation of the B cell compartment and by abnormal cell growth of secondary follicles.
Peyer's patches (or aggregated lymphoid nodules) are organized lymphoid follicles, named after the 17th-century Swiss anatomist Johann Conrad Peyer. [1] They are an important part of gut associated lymphoid tissue usually found in humans in the lowest portion of the small intestine, mainly in the distal jejunum and the ileum, but also could be detected in the duodenum.
Focal nodular hyperplasia is not a neoplasm; it is believed to result from localized hyperplastic hepatocyte response to an underlying congenital arteriovenous malformation. [2] It consists of normal liver constituents in an abnormally organized pattern, grows in a stellate pattern and may display central necrosis when large. [ 5 ]
The cause is usually pressure from the flange of a denture which causes chronic irritation and a hyperplastic response in the soft tissues. [6] Women during pregnancy can also present with an epulis, which will resolve after birth. Fibroepithelial polyps, pedunculated lesions of the palate beneath an upper denture, are associated with this ...
Hypertrophy is the increase in the volume of an organ or tissue due to the enlargement of its component cells. [1] It is distinguished from hyperplasia, in which the cells remain approximately the same size but increase in number. [2]
They may also occur elsewhere in the body where there are mucous membranes, including the cervix, vocal folds, and small intestine. Some polyps are tumors ( neoplasms ) and others are non-neoplastic, for example hyperplastic or dysplastic , which are benign.