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A hadron is a composite subatomic particle.Every hadron must fall into one of the two fundamental classes of particle, bosons and fermions. In particle physics, a hadron (/ ˈ h æ d r ɒ n / ⓘ; from Ancient Greek ἁδρός (hadrós) 'stout, thick') is a composite subatomic particle made of two or more quarks held together by the strong interaction.
The transformation of quark-gluon plasma into hadrons is studied in lattice QCD numerical simulations, which are explored in relativistic heavy-ion experiments. [3] Quark-gluon plasma hadronization occurred shortly after the Big Bang when the quark–gluon plasma cooled down to the Hagedorn temperature (about 150 MeV ) when free quarks and ...
Hadron spectroscopy is the subfield of particle physics that studies the masses and decays of hadrons. Hadron spectroscopy is also an important part of the new nuclear physics. The properties of hadrons are described by a theory called quantum chromodynamics (QCD). QCD predicts that quarks and antiquarks bind into particles called mesons.
where a 0, a 1, and a 2 are free parameters. The rule was first formulated by Murray Gell-Mann in 1961 [ 1 ] and independently proposed by Susumu Okubo in 1962. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Isospin and hypercharge are generated by SU(3) , which can be represented by eight hermitian and traceless matrices corresponding to the "components" of isospin and hypercharge.
Exotic hadrons are subatomic particles composed of quarks and gluons, but which – unlike "well-known" hadrons such as protons, neutrons and mesons – consist of more than three valence quarks. By contrast, "ordinary" hadrons contain just two or three quarks. Hadrons with explicit valence gluon content would also be considered exotic. [1]
Hard hadronic reactions are hadron reactions in which the main role is played by quarks and gluons and which are well described by perturbation theory in QCD. All hadrons discovered so far fit into the standard picture, in which they are colorless composite particles built from quarks and antiquarks .
It is the force operating between those hadrons which are nucleons – protons and neutrons – as it binds them together to form the atomic nucleus. The bosons which mediate the nuclear force are three types of mesons: pions, rho mesons and omega mesons. Since mesons are themselves hadrons, quantum hadrodynamics also deals with the interaction ...
The two main types of hadron are the mesons (one quark, one antiquark) and the baryons (three quarks). In addition, colorless glueballs formed only of gluons are also consistent with confinement, though difficult to identify experimentally. Quarks and gluons cannot be separated from their parent hadron without producing new hadrons. [3]